WEBVTT 00:00:11.302 --> 00:00:14.264 Welcome again to our lecture 00:00:14.305 --> 00:00:17.267 series here at the Martz-Kohl Observatory on behalf of the 00:00:17.308 --> 00:00:21.271 board of directors, of the Marshal 00:00:21.312 --> 00:00:24.274 Martz Memorial Astronomical Association Incorporated, 00:00:24.315 --> 00:00:26.276 and the general membership here. 00:00:27.318 --> 00:00:31.281 We welcome you either online or in person here to the observatory. 00:00:32.323 --> 00:00:36.286 I think you'll enjoy our presentation tonight. 00:00:36.327 --> 00:00:38.288 We will have questions and answers. 00:00:38.329 --> 00:00:42.292 After the presentation, and that's 00:00:42.333 --> 00:00:45.295 done, we'll have the observatory open for tours. 00:00:45.336 --> 00:00:48.298 So at this time here, I'd like to introduce Walter Pickut, 00:00:48.339 --> 00:00:52.302 our program director here, and he will continue on. 00:00:56.306 --> 00:00:58.266 Thank you very much, John. 00:00:58.308 --> 00:01:01.269 Well, it's a packed house for a stand for a moment. 00:01:01.311 --> 00:01:02.270 Love it. 00:01:02.312 --> 00:01:05.273 And I might like tonight, I like to repeat what I heard. 00:01:06.316 --> 00:01:09.277 I don't know if it's true, but every human body is about a 00:01:09.319 --> 00:01:13.281 100% space heater, so it should warm up here pretty good. 00:01:13.323 --> 00:01:17.285 Tonight we're welcoming Mario Loreti. 00:01:17.327 --> 00:01:21.289 The 1st time we met, it 00:01:21.331 --> 00:01:24.292 was, I think it was, was the doors open? 00:01:24.334 --> 00:01:27.295 You were here for a tour, I think. 00:01:27.337 --> 00:01:27.796 Yeah. 00:01:27.796 --> 00:01:28.254 Yes. 00:01:30.340 --> 00:01:33.301 Everybody loves to look at the nice guy, but 00:01:33.301 --> 00:01:36.262 just imagine if you could only see radio waves 00:01:37.305 --> 00:01:38.264 instead of light waves. 00:01:38.306 --> 00:01:41.267 Universe looks very different. 00:01:41.309 --> 00:01:45.271 Mario has radio eye on the universe. 00:01:45.313 --> 00:01:48.274 It's gonna be very exciting to hear more and more about that. 00:01:49.317 --> 00:01:52.278 Mario brings over 4 decades 00:01:52.320 --> 00:01:55.281 of technical expertise, the observatory tonight. 00:01:56.324 --> 00:01:59.285 His fascination with stars began 00:01:59.327 --> 00:02:02.288 with a 3 inch admin reflector, 00:02:02.330 --> 00:02:05.291 evolving alongside a professional career in 00:02:05.333 --> 00:02:07.293 electronics and in broadcasting. 00:02:07.335 --> 00:02:11.297 Former chief engineer for WERGFM, 00:02:11.339 --> 00:02:14.300 and a DJ at WLBUFM, 00:02:15.301 --> 00:02:17.220 Mario spent 25 years. 00:02:17.428 --> 00:02:20.390 School of Engineering, we have a supportive faculty 00:02:20.390 --> 00:02:24.352 research, collaborating closely with astrophysics department. 00:02:25.395 --> 00:02:29.357 It is now a supervisor for the non-planetarium, 00:02:29.399 --> 00:02:32.360 and I believe the auditorium is not a my witness, 92. 00:02:32.402 --> 00:02:34.362 We always appreciate... 00:02:34.529 --> 00:02:37.490 uh, tuning in, uh, 00:02:37.490 --> 00:02:40.451 from, Penn State. 00:02:40.493 --> 00:02:43.496 And he's a licensed amateur radio operator. 00:02:43.496 --> 00:02:46.457 Uh, Mario was currently constructing his own personal 00:02:47.500 --> 00:02:49.460 radio telescope. 00:02:49.502 --> 00:02:52.463 Radio, astronomy is an area 00:02:52.505 --> 00:02:55.466 where moving into gradually as well. 00:02:55.508 --> 00:02:58.469 So we're especially glad to have Mario here tonight, 00:02:58.511 --> 00:03:01.472 so... someone 00:03:01.514 --> 00:03:03.474 whose brain we can pick like we always do. 00:03:04.517 --> 00:03:07.478 So we, uh, I 00:03:07.520 --> 00:03:08.479 need to speak up a little later. 00:03:09.522 --> 00:03:10.481 Okay, thank you. 00:03:10.523 --> 00:03:11.482 I got a message from the back. 00:03:11.524 --> 00:03:14.485 So remember that Mario, we have people 00:03:14.527 --> 00:03:17.488 in the back who, I think their batteries died in 00:03:17.488 --> 00:03:19.449 their hearing aid, so just forgot. 00:03:19.490 --> 00:03:22.452 Anyway, I'll speak up a little more. 00:03:22.493 --> 00:03:24.454 So thank you very much for coming. 00:03:24.495 --> 00:03:26.456 You'll notice the heat is on, the lights are on. 00:03:26.497 --> 00:03:27.874 One of the reasons the lights are on. 00:03:27.916 --> 00:03:30.877 Tonight is because of the generosity of our guests. 00:03:32.170 --> 00:03:34.130 We here are all lawyers. 00:03:34.130 --> 00:03:37.091 There are no paid employees, and um, 00:03:37.884 --> 00:03:40.845 Because of that, uh, being all 00:03:40.845 --> 00:03:43.806 volunteers, uh, We 00:03:43.848 --> 00:03:46.809 appreciate contributions, we never 00:03:46.851 --> 00:03:48.811 charge admission, we're glad you're here. 00:03:49.854 --> 00:03:52.815 However, when people ask us, if they'd 00:03:52.857 --> 00:03:55.818 like to contribute, a $5 contribution for 00:03:55.860 --> 00:03:58.821 adults, and I believe it's 3 for children, is 00:03:58.863 --> 00:03:59.822 appreciated, it says. 00:04:00.198 --> 00:04:03.159 After Mario speaks, my favorite 00:04:03.159 --> 00:04:06.120 part of the presentation is always the Q and A. 00:04:06.162 --> 00:04:10.124 So, um, the, uh, the 00:04:10.166 --> 00:04:13.127 ability to ask the expert, uh, the kind 00:04:13.169 --> 00:04:16.130 of questions to come up while you're uh, watching and listening, 00:04:16.172 --> 00:04:18.132 I think that's really exciting. 00:04:18.174 --> 00:04:20.134 So prepare your questions. 00:04:21.177 --> 00:04:24.138 Save them up until we're all done unless 00:04:24.180 --> 00:04:27.141 Mario would prefer to answer raise hands while you're 00:04:27.183 --> 00:04:29.143 talking whichever way you prefer to do it. 00:04:29.143 --> 00:04:32.146 So, I just put, I'll turn it over to Mario. 00:04:37.610 --> 00:04:40.571 Okay, thank you, all, for that nice introduction. 00:04:40.571 --> 00:04:44.534 Want to thank everyone for showing up tonight, raving the weather. 00:04:44.575 --> 00:04:47.537 I always kind of wondered, you know, between February 00:04:47.578 --> 00:04:50.540 and March, how it's going to be here in the Tahoe 00:04:50.581 --> 00:04:53.543 area, and it didn't, the Ides of March didn't 00:04:54.585 --> 00:04:57.547 disappoint me here, but the wind is behind us, it looks like. 00:04:57.588 --> 00:05:00.550 So hopefully things will start to melt 00:05:00.591 --> 00:05:01.551 and we'll get on with the spring. 00:05:02.593 --> 00:05:05.555 Also, I would be remiss if I didn't 00:05:05.596 --> 00:05:08.599 say give a shout out to my friends at the Yon 00:05:08.599 --> 00:05:11.561 Planetarium at Barron College in Erie, Pennsylvania. 00:05:12.603 --> 00:05:15.565 and also have our friends, Hawthornes and Florida, 00:05:15.606 --> 00:05:19.569 sunny Florida, right now, and they're tuning in for this presentation also. 00:05:19.569 --> 00:05:23.531 I'm going to keep the presentation more 00:05:23.573 --> 00:05:24.532 in Langman's terms. 00:05:24.574 --> 00:05:27.535 I don't want to get too technical, keep 00:05:27.577 --> 00:05:30.538 it easily understandable and 00:05:30.580 --> 00:05:32.540 so we'll just get started here. 00:05:33.583 --> 00:05:37.545 Oh, and I wanted to correct what there. 00:05:37.587 --> 00:05:40.548 Jim Gabio of the on-planetarium is 00:05:40.590 --> 00:05:42.550 really the director supervisor. 00:05:42.592 --> 00:05:43.551 I'm more of the technical help. 00:05:43.593 --> 00:05:46.554 So I need to give credit where credits do. 00:05:46.596 --> 00:05:49.557 Yeah, I didn't mean to promote you without you, Russia. 00:05:50.600 --> 00:05:51.559 Okay. 00:05:51.559 --> 00:05:52.560 That's not me. 00:05:52.602 --> 00:05:53.561 I'm okay now? 00:05:54.604 --> 00:05:55.563 All right. 00:05:55.563 --> 00:05:56.564 So we'll get past the 1st slide here. 00:05:58.608 --> 00:06:00.568 Radio astronomy. 00:06:00.610 --> 00:06:01.569 What is radio astronomy? 00:06:01.569 --> 00:06:04.530 Okay, it's a it's a subfield of astronomy. 00:06:04.572 --> 00:06:08.534 We study celestial objects at radio frequencies. 00:06:08.576 --> 00:06:11.537 The 1st detection of radio waves was 00:06:11.579 --> 00:06:14.540 in 1933 from Bell Telephone Labs. 00:06:14.582 --> 00:06:17.543 They reported radiation coming from the Milky Way. 00:06:18.586 --> 00:06:21.547 Since then, there's been observations from a 00:06:21.589 --> 00:06:23.549 number of radio sources. 00:06:23.591 --> 00:06:26.552 These include stars, galaxies, comets, 00:06:27.595 --> 00:06:30.556 asteroids, planets, 00:06:30.598 --> 00:06:32.558 pulsars, so on and so forth. 00:06:32.600 --> 00:06:35.561 It's conducted, well, back up here. 00:06:35.603 --> 00:06:38.564 The discovery of the cosmic microwave back on radiation 00:06:39.607 --> 00:06:41.567 was through radio astronomy. 00:06:41.567 --> 00:06:43.569 And I don't have a slide that details that a little bit further into 00:06:44.570 --> 00:06:45.530 the program here. 00:06:45.571 --> 00:06:48.533 Radio astronomy is conducted using large radio 00:06:48.574 --> 00:06:50.535 antennas referred to as radio telescopes. 00:06:51.577 --> 00:06:54.539 They're either used singularly or with multiple length 00:06:54.580 --> 00:06:57.542 telescopes in a ray, so to speak. 00:06:58.584 --> 00:07:02.547 Okay, so why use radio astronomy? 00:07:02.588 --> 00:07:05.550 Well, it allows us to detect and analyze 00:07:05.591 --> 00:07:08.553 hidden celestial objects that are not visible otherwise. 00:07:08.594 --> 00:07:12.557 We'll see some slides that'll detail that. 00:07:12.598 --> 00:07:15.560 You can study dust and gas clouds. 00:07:15.601 --> 00:07:18.563 We also get to understand the key elemental 00:07:18.604 --> 00:07:21.566 constituents of stars and galaxies. 00:07:21.607 --> 00:07:24.569 It also reveals parts of the invisible sky. 00:07:24.569 --> 00:07:26.529 Okay? 00:07:26.571 --> 00:07:29.532 So we get a more complete picture of stars and galaxies, 00:07:29.574 --> 00:07:32.535 and it's possible from just visual observation. 00:07:32.577 --> 00:07:35.538 And also, it studies 00:07:35.580 --> 00:07:39.542 the emission from gas planets, the blast from hearts of galaxies. 00:07:39.584 --> 00:07:43.546 We've even got signatures from black holes now. 00:07:45.590 --> 00:07:49.552 Okay, so, radio astronomy 00:07:49.594 --> 00:07:52.555 can provide both oral and visual results from detecting 00:07:52.597 --> 00:07:53.556 cosmic signals. 00:07:53.598 --> 00:07:57.560 When you use a telescope, an optical telescope, 00:07:57.602 --> 00:07:59.562 you get visual results. 00:07:59.604 --> 00:08:01.564 Radio astronomy can give you both. 00:08:02.607 --> 00:08:05.568 Just depends, but it can give you both. 00:08:05.568 --> 00:08:07.570 So you get the visual result. 00:08:07.570 --> 00:08:10.531 And you also get the oral result. 00:08:10.573 --> 00:08:12.533 Once the signal is processed. 00:08:13.576 --> 00:08:16.537 Let's go to the next. 00:08:16.579 --> 00:08:17.538 There we go. 00:08:17.580 --> 00:08:20.541 Okay, a little bit on the electromagnetic spectrum here. 00:08:20.583 --> 00:08:23.544 As you can see, we have on 00:08:23.586 --> 00:08:25.546 the far right, we have the radio waves. 00:08:27.590 --> 00:08:29.550 quicker here. 00:08:29.592 --> 00:08:32.553 We have the radio waves, which is pretty 00:08:32.595 --> 00:08:34.555 much what radio astronomy focuses on. 00:08:34.597 --> 00:08:36.557 They come in different lengths. 00:08:36.599 --> 00:08:40.561 You can see they're very low energy ways, spread out. 00:08:40.603 --> 00:08:42.563 You get into the infrared. 00:08:42.605 --> 00:08:45.566 And of course, we start to get into visible light, which is a very narrow 00:08:45.608 --> 00:08:47.568 band of the electromagnetic spectrum. 00:08:48.569 --> 00:08:52.532 And then you, of course, go into UV, x-rays, and gamma rays. 00:08:52.573 --> 00:08:56.535 As you start to go from low energy to 00:08:56.577 --> 00:08:58.579 high energy, the wavelength change. 00:08:58.579 --> 00:08:59.538 Okay? 00:08:59.580 --> 00:09:04.543 This gets into, as you can see, here, 0.001 nanometers, 00:09:04.585 --> 00:09:07.547 over here and enter red, 0.01 centimeter wavelength, 00:09:07.588 --> 00:09:10.549 and of course, radio waves are can be very, very 00:09:10.591 --> 00:09:12.552 long up to 100 meters. 00:09:12.593 --> 00:09:15.554 And so... 00:09:15.596 --> 00:09:16.556 Can you just hold for one second? 00:09:17.056 --> 00:09:18.015 Let's resume. 00:09:18.015 --> 00:09:20.977 So anyways, we are focused basically 00:09:21.018 --> 00:09:22.979 in this part of the spectrum. 00:09:23.020 --> 00:09:23.980 Okay? 00:09:25.022 --> 00:09:28.985 And this goes way up into the gigahertz. 00:09:29.026 --> 00:09:30.987 And I'll have another slide that will detail that. 00:09:31.028 --> 00:09:33.990 So we do go from very low 00:09:34.031 --> 00:09:37.994 frequencies all the way up into extremely 00:09:38.035 --> 00:09:39.996 high frequencies into the gigahertz. 00:09:43.040 --> 00:09:46.002 Okay, this is a little bit of a busy slide here, but 00:09:46.043 --> 00:09:48.004 we'll break it down here. 00:09:48.045 --> 00:09:51.007 When you look at the radio waves here again, very low 00:09:51.048 --> 00:09:54.010 energy, long wavelengths compared 00:09:54.051 --> 00:09:58.014 to high energy, extremely short wavelengths. 00:09:58.055 --> 00:09:59.015 These are very high energy. 00:10:00.016 --> 00:10:03.978 But you'll look at, we get into AC power. 00:10:04.020 --> 00:10:06.981 You get into the television frequencies, the 00:10:07.023 --> 00:10:09.984 radio frequencies, we get into the 00:10:10.026 --> 00:10:12.987 cell telephone and satellite and microwave frequencies. 00:10:13.029 --> 00:10:15.990 And if you want to compare them in size, this 00:10:16.032 --> 00:10:17.992 is not absolute, this is just general. 00:10:19.035 --> 00:10:22.997 You know, when you're down here, 10 to the eight, these are powers of 10 down here. 00:10:23.039 --> 00:10:26.000 When you get into, you know, the size of a building. 00:10:26.042 --> 00:10:29.003 talking about, 10 10 to the 8th meters. 00:10:29.045 --> 00:10:33.007 get into humans here, you know, 10 to the 4th meters. 00:10:33.049 --> 00:10:36.010 You can see, again, visible light, very narrow 00:10:36.052 --> 00:10:38.012 part of this of the spectrum. 00:10:39.055 --> 00:10:42.016 And so again, we are concerned. 00:10:43.017 --> 00:10:45.978 Well, not just the radio waves, but we do need the microwaves as well. 00:10:46.020 --> 00:10:48.981 So radio astronomy is encompassing 00:10:50.024 --> 00:10:52.985 primarily this section right here. 00:10:53.027 --> 00:10:55.988 Again, your optical telescopes 00:10:56.030 --> 00:10:56.989 are going to be here. 00:10:57.031 --> 00:10:59.992 It would be infrared, ultraviolet. 00:11:00.034 --> 00:11:02.995 They've got filters or visual. 00:11:04.038 --> 00:11:06.999 observation that allows you to see into, you know, besides 00:11:08.042 --> 00:11:09.001 just visible light. 00:11:12.046 --> 00:11:15.007 Okay, just as optical telescopes collect 00:11:15.049 --> 00:11:16.008 visible light. 00:11:16.050 --> 00:11:21.013 It brings it to a focus regardless of what type of telescope we're using there. 00:11:22.056 --> 00:11:26.018 And then, of course, you can photograph, 00:11:26.018 --> 00:11:28.979 do astrophotography, so on and so forth, some people sketch. 00:11:29.021 --> 00:11:31.982 The radio telescopes, collect weak radio light waves. 00:11:32.024 --> 00:11:32.983 It brings it to a focus. 00:11:33.025 --> 00:11:35.986 It amplifies it, it processes it. 00:11:36.028 --> 00:11:38.989 And so we're studying naturally 00:11:40.032 --> 00:11:42.993 occurring radio emissions from celestial objects. 00:11:43.035 --> 00:11:46.997 be it stars, galaxies, black holes, so on and so forth. 00:11:47.039 --> 00:11:51.001 The telescopes, the radio telescopes, 00:11:51.043 --> 00:11:54.004 observe the longest wavelengths of radio signals ranging from one 00:11:54.046 --> 00:11:56.006 millimeter to over 10 meters. 00:11:56.048 --> 00:12:00.010 10 meters is, it's pretty long. 00:12:00.052 --> 00:12:02.012 Uh, what is that? 00:12:02.054 --> 00:12:04.014 uh, 330 feet? 00:12:04.014 --> 00:12:04.974 Yeah, it's about, yeah. 00:12:05.015 --> 00:12:07.977 And so you look at a 00:12:08.018 --> 00:12:08.978 pretty long wavelength there. 00:12:10.020 --> 00:12:12.982 Again, oh, this term 00:12:14.024 --> 00:12:15.985 here you'll run across radio light. 00:12:16.026 --> 00:12:18.988 Okay, that can be a little confusing or a little deceiving. 00:12:19.029 --> 00:12:21.991 It's really a signal, but they're calling it 00:12:22.032 --> 00:12:24.994 radial light because you're observing something. 00:12:26.036 --> 00:12:28.998 So anyways, it's referred 00:12:29.039 --> 00:12:33.002 to by its wavelength, but also by its frequency. 00:12:33.043 --> 00:12:36.005 So, these radio waves 00:12:36.046 --> 00:12:39.008 that we are receiving with a radio telescope are 00:12:39.049 --> 00:12:40.009 extremely weak. 00:12:41.051 --> 00:12:44.013 You see here, a cell phone signal. 00:12:44.054 --> 00:12:47.016 is a 1000000000 times more powerful than the 00:12:47.016 --> 00:12:50.978 cosmic radio waves that the telescopes are detecting. 00:12:51.020 --> 00:12:53.981 For an example, some of 00:12:54.023 --> 00:12:56.984 the signals are so weak, they equate to the energy a fly would 00:12:58.027 --> 00:13:00.988 use to move one centimeter over the 00:13:01.030 --> 00:13:01.989 span of one year. 00:13:03.032 --> 00:13:05.993 That's pretty tiny. 00:13:05.993 --> 00:13:07.995 So if they think about it, a centimeter, 10, 00:13:09.038 --> 00:13:12.041 10 millimeters, that a fly would use expend 00:13:12.041 --> 00:13:15.002 its energy over the course of one year. 00:13:16.045 --> 00:13:19.006 So, but that's actually a 00:13:19.048 --> 00:13:22.009 testament to the technology that we're that 00:13:22.051 --> 00:13:25.012 we've developed with radio telescopes. 00:13:25.054 --> 00:13:28.015 So I think that's pretty impressive. 00:13:28.015 --> 00:13:30.976 And of course, some of the signals 00:13:31.018 --> 00:13:32.978 are far, far stronger than that. 00:13:33.020 --> 00:13:36.023 So I'm just saying some of them are so weak that it's, you know. 00:13:36.023 --> 00:13:38.984 Um, so the parts, this is 00:13:40.027 --> 00:13:43.030 a very wordy slide and I won't verbalize 00:13:43.030 --> 00:13:44.990 every sentence him word here. 00:13:45.032 --> 00:13:48.035 But as far as starting with the antenna. 00:13:48.035 --> 00:13:49.995 Okay, it's a parabolic dish. 00:13:51.038 --> 00:13:53.999 So we're working with a parabola, and I think many 00:13:54.041 --> 00:13:57.044 of us realize, you know, the parabolic dish is conical 00:13:57.044 --> 00:14:00.005 concave, and there's a there's a 00:14:00.047 --> 00:14:03.008 focal point, just like you have a focal point in 00:14:03.050 --> 00:14:05.010 your optical telescope. 00:14:05.052 --> 00:14:08.013 This particular one, you know, comes in here, and 00:14:09.014 --> 00:14:11.976 it's got a focal point, and of course, it gets focused back 00:14:12.017 --> 00:14:12.977 here at the IP. 00:14:13.018 --> 00:14:16.981 That works a little bit different on the, 00:14:17.022 --> 00:14:17.982 we collect our type telescopes. 00:14:18.023 --> 00:14:20.985 But regardless of the type of telescope, optical telescope, 00:14:21.026 --> 00:14:21.986 it's got a focal point. 00:14:22.027 --> 00:14:23.988 Well, so does a radio telescope. 00:14:25.030 --> 00:14:25.990 Okay? 00:14:26.031 --> 00:14:28.993 The only one that would not have a focal point 00:14:29.034 --> 00:14:31.996 would be something like if they're using a Yogi 00:14:32.037 --> 00:14:34.999 type antenna, which would be something similar for those of you 00:14:35.040 --> 00:14:36.000 that aren't familiar with that term. 00:14:36.041 --> 00:14:39.003 An example of a yog antenna would be, 00:14:40.045 --> 00:14:43.007 what you would have on your rooftop to receive television signals. 00:14:44.049 --> 00:14:47.011 Some of the other antennas are different. 00:14:47.011 --> 00:14:49.013 There are spiral coils that 00:14:50.055 --> 00:14:53.017 they use for specific frequencies in that. 00:14:53.017 --> 00:14:56.979 So, but in general, it's usually a parabolic dish. 00:14:57.021 --> 00:14:59.982 And it's got, you know, the 00:15:00.024 --> 00:15:02.985 incoming radio waves bounce off of that surface. 00:15:03.027 --> 00:15:05.988 It goes to a point, a single point, called 00:15:06.030 --> 00:15:08.991 a focus, and they 00:15:09.033 --> 00:15:11.994 use different receivers to tune in different frequencies. 00:15:13.037 --> 00:15:15.998 The original ones were typically 00:15:16.040 --> 00:15:19.001 one receiver, one frequency. 00:15:19.043 --> 00:15:22.004 Now it's advanced where there's multiple 00:15:22.046 --> 00:15:24.006 receivers and multiple frequencies. 00:15:25.049 --> 00:15:27.009 They break them down into channels. 00:15:27.009 --> 00:15:29.011 So one telescope, one radio dish, 00:15:30.054 --> 00:15:34.016 I should say, can monitor a band of frequencies. 00:15:34.016 --> 00:15:36.977 You don't need 100 dishes. 00:15:37.019 --> 00:15:39.980 You can use one dish, 100 different receivers. 00:15:39.980 --> 00:15:41.982 Um, or channels, I should say. 00:15:42.024 --> 00:15:43.984 The feed supports, okay? 00:15:44.026 --> 00:15:45.986 It's mounted at the focus point. 00:15:46.028 --> 00:15:48.989 Same thing as if you would have the mirror on here. 00:15:49.031 --> 00:15:50.991 This would have a mirror at the focal point. 00:15:52.034 --> 00:15:54.995 It focuses the waves down to the center of 00:15:55.037 --> 00:15:57.998 the dish where there's multiple receivers that work simultaneously. 00:15:58.040 --> 00:16:02.002 The dish itself is rigid, it's made of strong material. 00:16:02.044 --> 00:16:05.005 Some of them are mesh, maybe 00:16:05.047 --> 00:16:09.009 steel mesh, some of them are fiberglass, 00:16:09.051 --> 00:16:12.012 some are fiberglass with a mesh, internally in it. 00:16:12.054 --> 00:16:16.016 It all depends on what the purpose is going to be. 00:16:16.016 --> 00:16:19.979 The very large ones are very strong. 00:16:21.021 --> 00:16:23.982 They're made because they just have to hold so 00:16:24.024 --> 00:16:27.986 much weight and you've got all that wind against it, so on and over. 00:16:28.028 --> 00:16:29.989 They have to be very stable. 00:16:30.030 --> 00:16:32.991 Right here, the dishes, the summary, 00:16:33.033 --> 00:16:35.995 the telescopes, the more simple ones, they spin 00:16:36.036 --> 00:16:37.996 on an axis that is aimed at Polaris. 00:16:39.039 --> 00:16:39.999 Okay? 00:16:40.040 --> 00:16:43.001 But the equatorial mount ones, which is pretty 00:16:43.043 --> 00:16:44.003 much what you see in a lot of pictures. 00:16:44.044 --> 00:16:46.004 Those are made different. 00:16:46.046 --> 00:16:50.009 They require 1000000s of pounds to balance the scope at awkward angles. 00:16:51.051 --> 00:16:54.054 I think some of us are probably familiar 00:16:54.054 --> 00:16:57.015 with the large dish at Green Bank, West Virginia. 00:16:58.017 --> 00:17:00.978 That's pretty large dish, 43 meters. 00:17:01.019 --> 00:17:03.981 Also, and as far as data processing. 00:17:05.023 --> 00:17:07.985 What they do with that data that they're receiving from 00:17:08.027 --> 00:17:10.988 that scope, they tune in the 00:17:11.029 --> 00:17:13.991 single specific frequencies, they watch for signals in space. 00:17:15.034 --> 00:17:17.995 Here again, the large modern ones 00:17:18.037 --> 00:17:21.039 now have numbers of frequencies all at once. 00:17:21.039 --> 00:17:24.001 And computers are dividing the frequency band 00:17:24.042 --> 00:17:27.004 in the many several 1000 separate channels. 00:17:27.046 --> 00:17:30.007 So one dish can accommodate a 00:17:30.048 --> 00:17:31.008 band of frequencies. 00:17:35.054 --> 00:17:38.015 And again, here, this is 00:17:38.015 --> 00:17:40.976 important to note, the dishes will remain 00:17:41.018 --> 00:17:43.979 stationary pointed at an object, just 00:17:44.021 --> 00:17:47.983 like if you're doing astrophotography with a visual telescope, 00:17:48.025 --> 00:17:50.986 you need to have that pointed at that star, 00:17:51.028 --> 00:17:53.989 or nebular, whatever it is, that you're 00:17:55.032 --> 00:17:57.993 going to be observing, it needs to point at that so it can collect 00:17:58.035 --> 00:18:00.996 as much light over a period of time. 00:18:01.038 --> 00:18:01.997 Same thing here. 00:18:05.042 --> 00:18:06.001 Okay. 00:18:06.043 --> 00:18:10.005 A little pictorial diagram, a 00:18:10.047 --> 00:18:13.008 common radio telescope using a parabolic dish. 00:18:13.050 --> 00:18:16.011 Of course, again, we have the dish itself, this is the mount. 00:18:17.054 --> 00:18:21.016 This is gonna be the signal 00:18:21.016 --> 00:18:22.976 coming in, whatever they're pointing it at. 00:18:24.019 --> 00:18:26.980 The signals come in, they bounce 00:18:27.022 --> 00:18:29.983 off of here to a focal point, a 00:18:30.025 --> 00:18:32.986 subreflector, and then they bounce into the feed horn. 00:18:34.029 --> 00:18:36.990 through special cables, they're cryogenically cold, 00:18:37.032 --> 00:18:39.993 like the receiver, an amplifier, which does 00:18:40.035 --> 00:18:43.997 some down conversion and all that, goes into the computer and 00:18:44.039 --> 00:18:44.998 recording devices. 00:18:45.040 --> 00:18:48.001 And then, of course, you have the processing equipment, and 00:18:49.044 --> 00:18:52.005 the end result is something that we can that 00:18:52.047 --> 00:18:55.008 weakens either C or hear. 00:18:55.050 --> 00:18:56.009 um 00:18:58.053 --> 00:19:01.014 Some of the designs now have eliminated 00:19:01.014 --> 00:19:02.975 this, and they put it up here. 00:19:03.016 --> 00:19:06.979 So it just depends on what 00:19:08.021 --> 00:19:11.024 they chose to do, what the engineers decided 00:19:11.024 --> 00:19:11.984 to do there. 00:19:13.026 --> 00:19:14.987 Go to the next one. 00:19:15.362 --> 00:19:16.321 Some examples. 00:19:17.322 --> 00:19:20.284 There's a monster, obviously, and you can see 00:19:20.325 --> 00:19:22.286 why it would weigh 1000000s of pounds. 00:19:22.327 --> 00:19:23.287 There's a lot of iron there. 00:19:23.328 --> 00:19:26.290 Um, this is Anime, which, 00:19:26.331 --> 00:19:29.293 this was, was, 00:19:30.335 --> 00:19:32.296 and that's what it is today, of course. 00:19:32.296 --> 00:19:33.297 There's an outdoor rain. 00:19:33.338 --> 00:19:38.302 This is a little different than not using a I guess here. 00:19:39.344 --> 00:19:41.305 These are some homemade ones. 00:19:41.305 --> 00:19:45.309 You can use a discarded dish here 00:19:45.350 --> 00:19:48.312 and using some homemade ones and they look like they 00:19:48.353 --> 00:19:52.316 made them out of some aluminum foil lines. 00:19:52.357 --> 00:19:56.320 I don't know, it's cardboard or what they put on there, but they work. 00:19:56.361 --> 00:19:59.323 The one I'm not currently working on, 00:19:59.323 --> 00:20:02.284 but working on in the process is using a dish. 00:20:02.326 --> 00:20:04.286 My son, I found out I was looking around. 00:20:04.328 --> 00:20:07.289 I asked a friend to, um, keep an eye open for a discarded 00:20:08.332 --> 00:20:11.293 dish for me and never, never came. 00:20:11.335 --> 00:20:14.296 And I was at my son's house one day and 00:20:14.338 --> 00:20:17.299 walking around the property and I looked through these overgrown 00:20:17.341 --> 00:20:19.301 bushes and I see this poking through. 00:20:19.343 --> 00:20:21.303 like, hey, do you use that? 00:20:22.346 --> 00:20:23.305 Can I have it? 00:20:23.347 --> 00:20:24.306 Yeah. 00:20:24.348 --> 00:20:27.309 Problem is, I gotta, I gotta cut all 00:20:27.351 --> 00:20:29.311 the pricker bushes down around to get to it. 00:20:29.353 --> 00:20:32.314 So that'll be once the weather gets warm. 00:20:32.356 --> 00:20:35.317 But yeah, he's got a deluxe one too. 00:20:35.359 --> 00:20:37.319 which is even better. 00:20:39.279 --> 00:20:42.240 Okay, Green Bank, West Virginia. 00:20:42.240 --> 00:20:46.203 There's that I mentioned earlier, 140 foot. 00:20:46.244 --> 00:20:48.205 That there's a monster. 00:20:48.247 --> 00:20:51.208 It's a pretty serious radio telescope. 00:20:51.250 --> 00:20:54.211 Again, here's a small one someone made using a discarded 00:20:54.252 --> 00:20:59.216 dish. and it looks like they used, what do you call it? 00:20:59.258 --> 00:21:00.217 tripod mountain. 00:21:01.259 --> 00:21:02.219 Yes, yeah. 00:21:02.260 --> 00:21:05.263 Yeah, from a telescope, like what we have over there in the corner. 00:21:05.263 --> 00:21:08.225 And they've got a fork mount on there and all that. 00:21:09.268 --> 00:21:10.227 So, yeah. 00:21:10.269 --> 00:21:13.230 There's some, there's plenty of 00:21:13.271 --> 00:21:14.231 projects online available. 00:21:14.272 --> 00:21:18.235 You type in homemade radio telescope or something 00:21:18.277 --> 00:21:21.238 like that, make your own radio telescope and there's quite 00:21:21.238 --> 00:21:24.199 a few on there and they even get into the electronic circuitry 00:21:24.241 --> 00:21:27.202 that you can that you can build if you want to. 00:21:27.244 --> 00:21:29.204 Some of them are already premade. 00:21:29.246 --> 00:21:32.207 You can vibe, the seeds are all already made. 00:21:33.250 --> 00:21:34.209 Okay. 00:21:35.252 --> 00:21:37.212 Very large array. 00:21:37.254 --> 00:21:41.216 Compared to this, this here, is 00:21:41.258 --> 00:21:43.218 one of these dishes right here. 00:21:43.260 --> 00:21:46.221 And these are on a set 00:21:46.263 --> 00:21:49.224 of railroad tracks that they can move around. 00:21:49.266 --> 00:21:50.225 Okay? 00:21:50.267 --> 00:21:53.228 So when they link these together, that actually changes 00:21:53.270 --> 00:21:56.231 the whole focal point of the entire array. 00:21:56.273 --> 00:21:59.234 Okay, um, rather than put all their 00:21:59.276 --> 00:22:02.237 eggs in one basket and like air sea bowl 00:22:03.238 --> 00:22:07.200 was, uh, that's a fixed position radio telescope. 00:22:07.242 --> 00:22:09.202 This here's movable. 00:22:09.244 --> 00:22:12.205 And don't ask me how long this rail is. 00:22:13.248 --> 00:22:16.209 I don't know, but it's long enough to move these all around. 00:22:16.251 --> 00:22:19.212 And they synchronize these together and they 00:22:19.254 --> 00:22:20.213 work as one big unit. 00:22:21.256 --> 00:22:24.217 Kind of similar to the way a lot of the new high 00:22:24.259 --> 00:22:27.220 resolution telescopes are being made now 00:22:27.262 --> 00:22:30.223 with all the microadjustable mirrors and by 00:22:30.265 --> 00:22:35.228 time you fine tweak all those, you've got one super, 00:22:35.270 --> 00:22:36.229 you know, airfree mirror. 00:22:39.274 --> 00:22:41.234 Here's one that was made. 00:22:41.276 --> 00:22:43.236 someone did a very nice job on it. 00:22:43.278 --> 00:22:46.239 I see, looks like a little snipper motor here, and they 00:22:46.239 --> 00:22:49.201 got some control circuitry in here, but you can see, it's nothing. 00:22:50.243 --> 00:22:51.203 it's nothing fancy. 00:22:51.244 --> 00:22:54.206 And uh, here's another one here. 00:22:54.247 --> 00:22:58.210 I'm not quite sure what frequency they're using. 00:22:58.251 --> 00:23:01.213 Someone is someone made one there. 00:23:01.254 --> 00:23:04.216 I would almost have to say that's going to be 00:23:04.257 --> 00:23:06.218 much lower frequency. 00:23:06.259 --> 00:23:07.219 Oh, not much lower. 00:23:07.260 --> 00:23:11.223 That's going to be, looks like it's probably UHF frequency. 00:23:11.264 --> 00:23:14.226 There's some, again, they're what, they're, 00:23:14.267 --> 00:23:17.229 they're monitoring frequencies as low as 3 kilohertz all 00:23:17.270 --> 00:23:18.230 the way up to 900 gigs. 00:23:20.273 --> 00:23:23.235 Um, this is the one in China. 00:23:23.276 --> 00:23:25.237 This is fast, okay? 00:23:25.278 --> 00:23:29.241 500 meter aperture spherical telescope or fast. 00:23:29.241 --> 00:23:31.201 Um, they decided. 00:23:31.243 --> 00:23:33.245 I guess to just build a big monster. 00:23:33.245 --> 00:23:35.205 I don't know, figure it's better. 00:23:36.248 --> 00:23:38.208 But it's a fixed position. 00:23:38.250 --> 00:23:41.211 Now they could, they can change, 00:23:41.253 --> 00:23:44.214 um, the, um, where 00:23:44.256 --> 00:23:47.217 the, uh, where the, uh, feed is on this by, you 00:23:47.259 --> 00:23:49.219 know, moving along these wires in there. 00:23:50.262 --> 00:23:54.224 But they decided not to go with the VLA type setup. 00:23:54.266 --> 00:23:57.227 Um, I guess the downside of this was when 00:23:57.269 --> 00:24:00.230 you, when you look at this, it was 180000000 cost, 00:24:00.272 --> 00:24:02.232 that seems kind of cheap to me, you know? 00:24:02.274 --> 00:24:05.235 I expect something like that would be a lot more. 00:24:05.277 --> 00:24:08.238 But then again, when you look at further, you 00:24:08.238 --> 00:24:12.200 know, 8,000 people in 8 villages, were displaced. 00:24:12.242 --> 00:24:15.203 So, and that was, they had to be relocated, 00:24:15.245 --> 00:24:17.205 adding another 269 million. 00:24:17.247 --> 00:24:19.207 So I moved the people out of there. 00:24:19.249 --> 00:24:22.210 Um, cost more than what the 00:24:22.252 --> 00:24:24.212 what the radio telescope could. 00:24:24.212 --> 00:24:26.214 And, um, I don't see any signs of where anyone 00:24:26.256 --> 00:24:27.215 would want to live around here. 00:24:28.258 --> 00:24:31.219 So, I don't know how they got displaced. 00:24:34.264 --> 00:24:36.224 Okay, back to Aracibo. 00:24:37.267 --> 00:24:39.227 Uh, again. 00:24:39.227 --> 00:24:41.229 Um, this is what it looked like before. 00:24:41.271 --> 00:24:42.230 That's what it looked like afterwards. 00:24:43.273 --> 00:24:46.276 I had the privilege of talking to Angel, 00:24:46.276 --> 00:24:49.237 Alaska Velasquez, I believe that's how I say his last 00:24:49.279 --> 00:24:53.241 name, twice on the amateur band. 00:24:54.242 --> 00:24:57.204 And this was one time, This 00:24:57.245 --> 00:25:00.207 is unique because it was one time I talked to him before the 00:25:00.248 --> 00:25:03.210 collapse, and I talked to him shortly after the collapse. 00:25:03.251 --> 00:25:04.211 It was just a stroke of luck. 00:25:05.253 --> 00:25:08.215 bunch of amateur radio operators 00:25:08.256 --> 00:25:11.218 were just, you know, lining up, trying 00:25:11.259 --> 00:25:15.222 to get the opportunity to talk to him, and everyone 00:25:15.263 --> 00:25:18.225 was offering their condolences, and they offered mine, 00:25:18.266 --> 00:25:21.228 and you had to kind of keep it brief because, you 00:25:21.269 --> 00:25:23.230 know, he was a very popular guy. 00:25:23.271 --> 00:25:28.235 In fact, he was so popular that he received ARRL's 00:25:28.276 --> 00:25:30.237 Hamlet of the Year Award. 00:25:30.278 --> 00:25:33.240 That was maybe a year or 00:25:33.240 --> 00:25:35.200 2 before the collapse of the dish. 00:25:35.242 --> 00:25:38.203 So that was kind of a real treat to 00:25:38.245 --> 00:25:39.204 have that in my logbook. 00:25:39.246 --> 00:25:43.208 Anyways, um, diverting here. 00:25:43.250 --> 00:25:44.209 Let's get back to here. 00:25:45.252 --> 00:25:47.212 So this is this is the control rooms here. 00:25:47.254 --> 00:25:50.257 And, um, you can see a lot of, 00:25:50.257 --> 00:25:52.217 a lot of equipment here, a lot of controls. 00:25:52.259 --> 00:25:55.220 And, um, when my wife, um, 00:25:55.262 --> 00:25:58.223 comes into my radio room, she sees all this test equipment 00:25:59.266 --> 00:26:02.227 and all the receivers and she goes, Another 00:26:02.269 --> 00:26:05.230 rectangular box with knobs and switches? 00:26:05.272 --> 00:26:06.273 You know, like, they all look the same. 00:26:06.273 --> 00:26:07.232 What does it do? 00:26:07.274 --> 00:26:10.235 Well, they're a nice pill compared to this. 00:26:10.277 --> 00:26:13.238 So there's a lot of knobs and switches there. 00:26:13.238 --> 00:26:16.199 So, anyways, um, that's 00:26:17.242 --> 00:26:20.203 irrecebo, and, um, Imagine 00:26:20.245 --> 00:26:23.206 a lot of that is all being dismantled at the moment. 00:26:24.249 --> 00:26:27.210 Speaking of Aracibo, they 00:26:27.252 --> 00:26:30.255 decided to take the dish and transmit from it, a signal. 00:26:30.255 --> 00:26:33.216 And uh, they sent a signal, 00:26:33.258 --> 00:26:37.220 uh, 21,000 light years. 00:26:39.264 --> 00:26:42.225 From near the edge of the Milky Way Galaxy, okay? 00:26:42.267 --> 00:26:45.228 They went to a star cluster M13. 00:26:45.270 --> 00:26:48.231 Now they used the megawatt transmitter. 00:26:48.273 --> 00:26:51.234 That's quite a bit, megawatt, you know, most of your television 00:26:52.277 --> 00:26:55.238 stations and commercial radio stations 00:26:55.238 --> 00:26:56.197 are far less than that. 00:26:57.240 --> 00:27:00.201 By the time it goes near the transmitting antennas, 00:27:01.244 --> 00:27:04.205 the effect of radiated power is a lot more, but nothing 00:27:04.247 --> 00:27:07.208 near what a megawatt transmitter is. 00:27:07.250 --> 00:27:10.211 So by the time it got focused through dish using the dish, 00:27:10.253 --> 00:27:14.215 it was equivalent to a 20000000000 watt broadcast. 00:27:14.257 --> 00:27:16.217 20 trillion watts. 00:27:16.259 --> 00:27:20.221 Um, and, um, uh, 00:27:20.263 --> 00:27:23.224 they were, um, uh, they were, you know, it was an omnidirectional 00:27:23.266 --> 00:27:26.227 broadcast, by the way, but, uh, it would be detectable 00:27:27.270 --> 00:27:30.231 by a steady experiment just about didn't wear in the galaxy, 00:27:30.273 --> 00:27:33.234 assuming the detection dish 00:27:33.276 --> 00:27:35.236 is the size of Araciba. 00:27:35.278 --> 00:27:36.237 Okay? 00:27:37.238 --> 00:27:39.199 So there's a lot of gifts in there. 00:27:39.240 --> 00:27:42.202 But anyways, this is basically what they sent. 00:27:42.243 --> 00:27:45.205 And there was human DNA in there, 00:27:46.247 --> 00:27:49.250 a picture of the human, uh, information about our soul system, 00:27:49.250 --> 00:27:50.210 uh, that kind of stuff. 00:27:51.252 --> 00:27:53.213 Biochemicals of earthly life. 00:27:53.254 --> 00:27:57.217 Of course, we did not get an answer back. 00:28:00.261 --> 00:28:04.224 I got to meet and have dinner with Seth Shawstack, 00:28:04.265 --> 00:28:06.226 who was director of study at the time. 00:28:06.226 --> 00:28:08.228 And that was a real thrill, and 00:28:08.269 --> 00:28:10.230 the guy, he's very funny. 00:28:10.271 --> 00:28:13.233 He's got a lot of funny comments. 00:28:13.274 --> 00:28:15.235 He's a comical person. 00:28:15.276 --> 00:28:18.238 And Darren Williams, who I 00:28:18.238 --> 00:28:21.199 think some of you probably know, from this 00:28:21.241 --> 00:28:22.200 area, his own town. 00:28:23.243 --> 00:28:26.246 Darren and I had Dylan with dinner with Seth Schottstack, 00:28:26.246 --> 00:28:29.207 and he did a presentation at the college, and that was well attended. 00:28:29.249 --> 00:28:33.211 And, um, Someone, 00:28:33.253 --> 00:28:36.214 someone in the audience for the Q and A had asked 00:28:36.256 --> 00:28:40.218 the question afterwards and said, Well, 00:28:40.260 --> 00:28:43.221 when we go back to Jupiter, 00:28:43.263 --> 00:28:46.224 You know, what will we be doing, you 00:28:46.266 --> 00:28:47.225 know, what will be the purpose? 00:28:48.268 --> 00:28:50.228 And he stopped and paused. 00:28:50.270 --> 00:28:54.232 And the whole room was fine, he goes, I never knew we went there to begin with. 00:28:55.275 --> 00:28:58.236 And so the thing was, oh, 00:28:58.278 --> 00:29:01.239 okay, someone took 2001, a space 00:29:01.239 --> 00:29:03.199 odyssey, literally. 00:29:04.242 --> 00:29:05.201 Yeah. 00:29:05.243 --> 00:29:09.205 So anyways, um, That's 00:29:09.247 --> 00:29:10.206 what this slide's about. 00:29:10.248 --> 00:29:13.209 There's some information over here as to 00:29:13.251 --> 00:29:17.213 what the key discoveries are from Erasebo, 00:29:17.255 --> 00:29:20.216 um, the, um, if they found a pulsar, 00:29:20.258 --> 00:29:22.218 which was one of the 1st pulsars ever. 00:29:22.260 --> 00:29:25.221 It also found helium in 00:29:25.263 --> 00:29:28.224 your cyanosphere, and that 00:29:28.266 --> 00:29:31.227 found a building blocks of amino acids in that, and hydrogen, 00:29:32.270 --> 00:29:35.231 cyanide, and a galaxy 2500000 light years away. 00:29:35.273 --> 00:29:36.232 That's pretty far. 00:29:36.274 --> 00:29:39.235 So those are just some of the, um, 00:29:39.277 --> 00:29:41.237 discoveries that it was famous for. 00:29:43.239 --> 00:29:46.201 Okay, here's an image of 00:29:46.242 --> 00:29:47.202 an asteroid. 00:29:47.243 --> 00:29:49.204 2015 TV 145. 00:29:49.245 --> 00:29:52.207 This used Erecebo 00:29:52.248 --> 00:29:55.210 to image this asteroid. 00:29:55.251 --> 00:29:59.214 I know it doesn't look like much, but an 00:29:59.255 --> 00:30:01.216 image did, did a pretty good job. 00:30:01.257 --> 00:30:04.219 I don't know what the distance of that was at the time. 00:30:04.260 --> 00:30:07.222 Um, But, um, But 00:30:07.263 --> 00:30:10.225 that's what they imaged with that dish. 00:30:11.267 --> 00:30:12.227 Okay. 00:30:12.268 --> 00:30:14.229 There's an impressive looking thing. 00:30:14.270 --> 00:30:16.231 Here's the receiver room of Green Bank telescope. 00:30:17.273 --> 00:30:20.235 Uh, as you can see, it, uh, 00:30:20.276 --> 00:30:23.238 this is not your normal, you 00:30:23.238 --> 00:30:26.199 know, stuff with uh, nods and switches and a 00:30:27.242 --> 00:30:28.201 little antenna out the back. 00:30:28.243 --> 00:30:30.203 This is all priogenically cool. 00:30:30.245 --> 00:30:34.207 Um, here's one of the, um, multi-band 00:30:34.207 --> 00:30:37.210 receivers right here, and they, they will have in the large telescopes. 00:30:37.252 --> 00:30:40.213 These, they will have multiples of these 00:30:40.255 --> 00:30:41.214 stacked. 00:30:41.256 --> 00:30:44.217 I shouldn't say stacked, but there'll be an arrangement. 00:30:45.260 --> 00:30:48.221 And that is underneath the dish inside. 00:30:48.263 --> 00:30:51.224 And so that's pretty 00:30:51.266 --> 00:30:52.225 much what they look like. 00:30:52.267 --> 00:30:56.229 The reason they're cryogenically cooled is you 00:30:56.271 --> 00:30:59.274 need to have as much low 00:30:59.274 --> 00:31:01.234 base band noise as possible. 00:31:01.276 --> 00:31:04.237 You cannot have electronic noise 00:31:04.279 --> 00:31:07.240 mixed in with these extremely weak signals. 00:31:08.241 --> 00:31:11.202 So, um, uh, 00:31:11.244 --> 00:31:14.205 if you were to turn on, um, say, 00:31:14.247 --> 00:31:16.207 just an audio amplifier, okay? 00:31:16.249 --> 00:31:18.209 And you put your ear up to the speaker. 00:31:18.251 --> 00:31:21.212 There's probably going to be some, some low end 00:31:21.254 --> 00:31:24.215 noise errors, a little bit of hiss, you know, it's, 00:31:24.257 --> 00:31:28.219 uh, if it's an extremely expensive amplifier, yeah, that might not be there. 00:31:28.261 --> 00:31:32.223 Um, but again, um, uh, 00:31:32.265 --> 00:31:35.226 uh, an inexpensive receiver, 00:31:35.268 --> 00:31:38.229 when you turn it on, you're going to hear a little bit of, uh, 00:31:39.272 --> 00:31:42.275 noise in in that in that bottom end there. 00:31:42.275 --> 00:31:44.235 And so they don't want that there. 00:31:44.277 --> 00:31:47.238 That interferes with what you're trying to accomplish, 00:31:47.238 --> 00:31:51.200 what you're trying to pull out of, out of the signal. 00:31:51.242 --> 00:31:55.204 So again, cryogenically cool receivers, 00:31:55.246 --> 00:31:59.208 um, that work on multiple bands. 00:32:01.252 --> 00:32:03.212 Here you go. 00:32:03.212 --> 00:32:05.214 Uh, there's another, uh, 00:32:05.256 --> 00:32:07.216 pictures of it here. 00:32:07.258 --> 00:32:09.218 This is some of the processing equipment here. 00:32:10.261 --> 00:32:13.222 Um, this is also part of this would be further 00:32:13.264 --> 00:32:14.223 down the line here. 00:32:14.265 --> 00:32:18.227 Once you get past the receivers and that, 00:32:18.269 --> 00:32:20.229 this would be part of all cooling equipment here. 00:32:20.271 --> 00:32:24.233 So it's a combination of not just wires and electronics. 00:32:24.275 --> 00:32:26.235 It's also plumbing involved too. 00:32:26.277 --> 00:32:29.238 I'm fortunate to have a couple of these items. 00:32:29.238 --> 00:32:32.200 I've got a road in Schwartz at 00:32:32.241 --> 00:32:35.203 the at the house there and and uh, um, 00:32:35.244 --> 00:32:36.204 HP unit here. 00:32:37.246 --> 00:32:40.208 And so, um, but I don't use these yet. 00:32:40.249 --> 00:32:41.209 I have not built my dish yet. 00:32:42.251 --> 00:32:44.212 Mine's still a work in progress. 00:32:44.212 --> 00:32:47.215 It's, uh, one of those pipe dreams that many of us have. 00:32:47.256 --> 00:32:49.217 You get around to it, you know? 00:32:53.262 --> 00:32:56.224 I like this slide because this starts to bring 00:32:56.265 --> 00:32:59.227 things a little more into focus, so to speak. 00:32:59.268 --> 00:33:02.230 Um, when you look at, when here again, 00:33:02.271 --> 00:33:05.233 greater astronomy reveals parts of the invisible sky. 00:33:05.274 --> 00:33:08.236 When you look at this, here's a visual 00:33:08.277 --> 00:33:09.237 from the Hubble. 00:33:09.278 --> 00:33:11.239 Okay, that's processed from the hubble. 00:33:12.240 --> 00:33:16.202 Um, this is optical hydrogen gas. 00:33:16.244 --> 00:33:18.204 This will be using a filter. 00:33:18.204 --> 00:33:20.206 Now, when you look at the radio image or 00:33:21.249 --> 00:33:25.211 through radio light, as we saw earlier, this is what you get. 00:33:25.253 --> 00:33:29.215 Okay, there's information in here that 00:33:29.257 --> 00:33:32.218 you would not be able to see and hear or the 00:33:32.260 --> 00:33:35.221 or the light actually sort of overpowered it. 00:33:35.263 --> 00:33:36.222 Okay? 00:33:36.264 --> 00:33:38.224 Here's a radio image of the stars. 00:33:38.266 --> 00:33:40.226 This here is all the same. 00:33:40.268 --> 00:33:44.230 These 4 are the very same image of this here. 00:33:44.272 --> 00:33:47.233 It's just ones invisible, ones 00:33:47.275 --> 00:33:48.234 in radio lights. 00:33:49.277 --> 00:33:50.236 Okay? 00:33:50.278 --> 00:33:53.239 And over here, we have, this 00:33:53.239 --> 00:33:57.201 should be with, I mean, this is the from, yeah, black hole. 00:33:57.243 --> 00:34:00.204 So these are the jets coming from a black hole. 00:34:00.246 --> 00:34:03.207 You would not be able to see those visually. 00:34:03.249 --> 00:34:07.211 In with an optical telescope. 00:34:07.253 --> 00:34:09.213 This is taken with a radio telescope. 00:34:10.256 --> 00:34:13.217 And you're probably thinking, well, wait a minute, you 00:34:13.259 --> 00:34:16.220 know, how can I see that when it's a radio signal? 00:34:16.220 --> 00:34:18.222 Yeah, and that's what that processing of equipment does. 00:34:19.265 --> 00:34:20.224 Okay? 00:34:20.266 --> 00:34:23.227 Um, It's, it's, it's processing 00:34:23.269 --> 00:34:26.230 all that, and it's also processing audio, which we're going 00:34:26.272 --> 00:34:28.232 to get to a shortly here. 00:34:29.275 --> 00:34:31.235 Okay, another great picture. 00:34:32.278 --> 00:34:34.238 Manatee nebula. 00:34:34.238 --> 00:34:35.198 Visible light. 00:34:36.240 --> 00:34:38.201 Manitate nebula. 00:34:38.242 --> 00:34:39.202 Radio light. 00:34:40.244 --> 00:34:43.206 Look at the information that's missing. 00:34:43.247 --> 00:34:46.209 between that's missing in 00:34:46.250 --> 00:34:47.210 this in this picture here. 00:34:48.252 --> 00:34:49.212 It's there. 00:34:49.253 --> 00:34:52.215 But you can't see it, but the 00:34:52.256 --> 00:34:54.217 use of radio astronomy. 00:34:54.258 --> 00:34:55.218 There's the difference. 00:34:57.261 --> 00:35:00.223 So that's pretty interesting. 00:35:00.264 --> 00:35:02.225 So it definitely has its its purpose. 00:35:02.266 --> 00:35:05.228 So if you think about it, if you're going to study, if you're in a 00:35:05.269 --> 00:35:08.231 strong mirror and you're going to study a celestial object in 00:35:08.272 --> 00:35:11.234 detail, you really need to include besides 00:35:11.275 --> 00:35:13.236 visual, you need to include radio. 00:35:16.239 --> 00:35:19.200 Okay, cosmic microwave background. 00:35:19.242 --> 00:35:23.204 Um, This was discovered 00:35:23.246 --> 00:35:24.247 using radio telescope. 00:35:24.247 --> 00:35:25.206 Okay. 00:35:25.248 --> 00:35:28.209 And this is what was 00:35:29.252 --> 00:35:31.254 the leftover, basically the Big Bang. 00:35:31.254 --> 00:35:32.213 It's it's everywhere. 00:35:32.255 --> 00:35:34.215 It's everywhere in the universe. 00:35:35.258 --> 00:35:39.220 And again, this is microwave frequencies. 00:35:39.262 --> 00:35:43.224 So radio telescopes can see that. 00:35:43.266 --> 00:35:46.227 Visual telescope, cannot see that, 00:35:46.269 --> 00:35:47.228 that doesn't exist. 00:35:50.273 --> 00:35:53.234 And again, as I mentioned, it's go as 00:35:53.276 --> 00:35:56.237 strong as in the microwave region of the electromagnetic spectrum. 00:35:57.238 --> 00:36:00.199 So we're getting, we're getting towards 00:36:00.241 --> 00:36:03.202 the upper end of the radial 00:36:03.244 --> 00:36:07.206 spectrum before we start getting into, into 00:36:07.248 --> 00:36:10.209 light and all that into those frequencies. 00:36:12.253 --> 00:36:14.213 The wow signal. 00:36:14.255 --> 00:36:17.216 Anyone familiar with the wow signal here? 00:36:17.258 --> 00:36:18.217 Okay. 00:36:18.217 --> 00:36:20.219 So, This was picked 00:36:21.262 --> 00:36:24.223 up by Ohio State University. 00:36:24.265 --> 00:36:26.267 I wish it would have been Penn State, but it was Ohio State. 00:36:26.267 --> 00:36:27.226 Okay. 00:36:27.268 --> 00:36:31.230 By their Big Air radio telescope. 00:36:31.272 --> 00:36:34.233 And I was in the constellation Sagittarius, 00:36:34.275 --> 00:36:38.237 and they, They 00:36:38.237 --> 00:36:41.240 thought it had all the hallmarks of extraterrestrial origin. 00:36:41.240 --> 00:36:43.201 Okay? 00:36:43.242 --> 00:36:46.204 The signal lasted for 72 00:36:46.245 --> 00:36:47.204 seconds, that was it. 00:36:47.246 --> 00:36:48.206 It was never heard from again. 00:36:48.247 --> 00:36:53.210 But it was such a, 00:36:53.252 --> 00:36:56.213 the hallmarks of the signal was enough 00:36:56.255 --> 00:37:00.217 that he ended up coming, you know, this 00:37:00.259 --> 00:37:03.221 year's the actual transcript here and he 00:37:03.262 --> 00:37:04.222 wrote the word wow. 00:37:05.264 --> 00:37:08.226 And I believe the numbers there is 6EQIU5. 00:37:08.267 --> 00:37:11.228 Um, And uh, 00:37:12.271 --> 00:37:15.233 I, I, Don't ask me exactly what that means, 00:37:15.274 --> 00:37:19.237 but uh, you know, it meant something to, 00:37:19.278 --> 00:37:22.239 um, to, uh, what's it called, um, Heyman 00:37:22.239 --> 00:37:24.242 there, and, uh, he ended up writing wow. 00:37:24.242 --> 00:37:26.202 That has stuck ever since. 00:37:26.244 --> 00:37:29.205 I've never heard anything else, like that sense. 00:37:29.246 --> 00:37:31.207 It is what it is. 00:37:31.248 --> 00:37:33.209 I think you can you should be able to hear that. 00:38:08.244 --> 00:38:10.204 So we'll get off of that. 00:38:10.246 --> 00:38:13.207 So, does that sound like an intelligent 00:38:13.249 --> 00:38:16.210 species sending us anything? 00:38:18.254 --> 00:38:20.214 Sorry, feedback. 00:38:20.256 --> 00:38:21.215 Yeah. 00:38:21.215 --> 00:38:24.218 Yeah, sounds like a mess, but It was a wow signal. 00:38:25.261 --> 00:38:28.222 So, you know, I wouldn't say wildwood. 00:38:29.265 --> 00:38:32.226 So I want to move on to some 00:38:32.268 --> 00:38:35.229 sounds of the solar system and some 00:38:36.272 --> 00:38:38.232 other cosmic sounds, okay? 00:38:38.232 --> 00:38:40.234 Um, Each of these. 00:38:41.277 --> 00:38:44.238 Acoustical signatures, which is what this is. 00:38:44.238 --> 00:38:45.197 These are accurate. 00:38:46.240 --> 00:38:50.202 You can see the peaks in the valleys, and um, 00:38:50.244 --> 00:38:53.205 This is when I say an acoustical 00:38:53.247 --> 00:38:55.207 signature or sound. 00:38:55.207 --> 00:38:57.209 This is not a type of sound where 00:38:58.252 --> 00:39:00.254 you're actually hearing something. 00:39:00.254 --> 00:39:02.214 It's not like you're hearing me in the room. 00:39:02.256 --> 00:39:03.215 This is processed. 00:39:03.257 --> 00:39:06.218 And, um, in the meantime, 00:39:06.260 --> 00:39:10.222 it's, it's, it's not something like if you were to, Be 00:39:10.264 --> 00:39:13.225 able to go near the sun and, you know, preach your ear out 00:39:13.267 --> 00:39:15.227 there a couple of minutes, not what it's going to sound like. 00:39:15.269 --> 00:39:19.231 So let's go ahead and give that one there. 00:39:23.277 --> 00:39:24.236 Wow. 00:39:46.258 --> 00:39:48.219 Okay, we'll go another next one. 00:39:48.260 --> 00:39:49.220 Great. 00:40:15.246 --> 00:40:18.207 What did these sound, like, 00:40:18.249 --> 00:40:21.210 wind storm, but that's not what it is. 00:40:21.252 --> 00:40:24.213 It's not like, like they sent a probe with a microphone on 00:40:24.255 --> 00:40:26.215 it and recording something on the surface. 00:40:26.257 --> 00:40:29.218 This is a renew emission coming from the planet 00:40:29.260 --> 00:40:30.219 itself. 00:40:30.261 --> 00:40:32.221 Let's do the next one. 00:40:32.263 --> 00:40:33.222 Venus. 00:40:56.245 --> 00:40:58.205 And earth. 00:40:58.247 --> 00:41:01.208 So what do you think Earth is gonna happen? 00:41:01.250 --> 00:41:03.210 She started too soon. 00:41:04.253 --> 00:41:07.214 I was waiting to see if someone would say it would be like broadcast 00:41:08.257 --> 00:41:09.216 from 1945? 00:41:09.258 --> 00:41:11.218 Nothing like that, you know? 00:41:11.260 --> 00:41:12.219 But that's not what it is. 00:41:12.261 --> 00:41:15.222 So go ahead and play Earth. 00:41:37.244 --> 00:41:38.204 Question. 00:41:38.245 --> 00:41:40.206 How did you capture that one? 00:41:41.248 --> 00:41:44.210 These are, these are from NASA. 00:41:44.251 --> 00:41:47.213 Yeah, but how did they get the one from the Earth? 00:41:47.254 --> 00:41:49.256 Probably a probably a probe. 00:41:49.256 --> 00:41:51.217 Probably a sat, or, yeah. 00:41:52.259 --> 00:41:54.220 What do you call it, a satellite. 00:41:54.261 --> 00:41:57.223 We have, they have got radio telescope on, 00:41:57.264 --> 00:42:01.227 on, built on a satellite, and pointed 00:42:01.268 --> 00:42:04.230 towards earth and probably could point the backside of it towards earth and 00:42:04.271 --> 00:42:06.232 you'd still get plenty of noise, you know? 00:42:08.275 --> 00:42:10.236 No, but we didn't do Marjack. 00:42:20.246 --> 00:42:23.207 This makes me think of a dust storm on Mars. 00:42:32.258 --> 00:42:34.218 There's an alien factory. 00:42:41.267 --> 00:42:45.229 See what this grand fella has to... 00:43:03.247 --> 00:43:06.208 I think they took that rent out of the soundtrack of 2001 00:43:06.250 --> 00:43:08.210 Space Odds. 00:43:11.255 --> 00:43:12.214 Okay, Saturn. 00:43:37.239 --> 00:43:40.200 Now, with Saturn, they've discovered that it 00:43:40.242 --> 00:43:43.203 has some atmosphere to it that's got, 00:43:43.245 --> 00:43:46.206 you know, generating radio emissions similar to the cracks and 00:43:46.248 --> 00:43:48.208 pops we hear on AM burritos. 00:43:48.250 --> 00:43:51.211 You've heard that when there's an electrical storm or, you know, thunderstorm 00:43:51.253 --> 00:43:53.213 nearby, you're all a static in that. 00:43:53.255 --> 00:43:54.214 So let's take a look. 00:43:54.256 --> 00:43:56.216 We have a waterfall display here. 00:43:56.258 --> 00:43:58.218 Go ahead and play that one. 00:44:01.263 --> 00:44:03.223 So... 00:44:03.265 --> 00:44:05.225 That's from Voyager Pontas. 00:44:17.279 --> 00:44:19.239 Uranus? 00:45:06.245 --> 00:45:07.204 Exit. 00:45:07.246 --> 00:45:09.206 And Pluto. 00:45:24.263 --> 00:45:27.224 Okay, enough of the planets. 00:45:27.266 --> 00:45:30.227 Let's get into some more interesting ones here. 00:45:30.269 --> 00:45:32.229 Comet 67 P. 00:45:32.271 --> 00:45:33.230 Cool. 00:45:40.279 --> 00:45:42.239 Jeez. 00:45:43.240 --> 00:45:47.202 These noises kind of give them all their own little pissing out of me today. 00:45:47.244 --> 00:45:48.203 Nice to kid. 00:45:52.249 --> 00:45:56.211 I don't know if the one thing that's cute enough, I don't know. 00:45:56.253 --> 00:45:57.212 It's different. 00:45:57.254 --> 00:45:58.213 Yeah. 00:45:59.256 --> 00:46:01.216 How about a pulsar? 00:46:01.258 --> 00:46:02.217 This is gonna be cool. 00:46:09.266 --> 00:46:12.227 Sounds like a motorcycle. 00:46:12.269 --> 00:46:13.228 So yep. 00:46:14.271 --> 00:46:16.231 Dominic Galaxy. 00:46:36.251 --> 00:46:39.213 And how about a black hole? 00:46:39.254 --> 00:46:40.214 Oh, man. 00:46:40.255 --> 00:46:41.215 See here? 00:46:41.256 --> 00:46:42.216 This is interesting. 00:46:42.257 --> 00:46:44.218 NASA captured this. 00:46:44.259 --> 00:46:48.222 Supermassive black hole, the center of Gracious Cluster. 00:46:48.263 --> 00:46:51.225 The lowest note was a B flat. 00:46:51.266 --> 00:46:54.228 It's over 57 knock, below middle seat. 00:46:54.228 --> 00:46:56.230 You're familiar with, you know, 00:46:56.271 --> 00:46:57.231 panels in that episode. 00:46:58.273 --> 00:47:00.234 So 57 octus. 00:47:00.234 --> 00:47:02.236 How many, let's see, how many more pianos would that be? 00:47:02.277 --> 00:47:04.238 stack up for the leopard? 00:47:04.238 --> 00:47:05.197 A lot. 00:47:06.240 --> 00:47:06.698 That's how low it was. 00:47:06.698 --> 00:47:07.157 Yeah. 00:47:08.242 --> 00:47:12.204 So they had to work 00:47:12.204 --> 00:47:15.207 on this and they ended up boosting it. 00:47:15.249 --> 00:47:17.209 This is sonified. 00:47:17.251 --> 00:47:19.211 He's cranking them up. 00:47:19.253 --> 00:47:22.214 There's 57 that's 58 octaves, so we could hear. 00:47:23.257 --> 00:47:26.218 So basically it's doctored up. 00:47:26.260 --> 00:47:29.221 It's, it is very haunting sounding 00:47:29.263 --> 00:47:32.266 and uh, It's very fitting 00:47:32.266 --> 00:47:33.225 for a black hole. 00:47:33.267 --> 00:47:34.226 It does sound kind of menacing. 00:47:35.269 --> 00:47:36.228 So let's take a listen. 00:47:48.240 --> 00:47:49.199 You got a hot house? 00:47:58.250 --> 00:48:01.211 I think if you could put worst of it, would 00:48:01.253 --> 00:48:03.213 say, Stay the hell away from me. 00:48:06.258 --> 00:48:09.219 One way in, no way out. 00:48:11.263 --> 00:48:14.224 And that ends my presentation. 00:48:23.275 --> 00:48:24.234 It's from the name now. 00:48:25.277 --> 00:48:28.238 Let's go with the people here, and... 00:48:28.238 --> 00:48:31.199 in person here, and then we'll see if there's 00:48:31.241 --> 00:48:32.200 any from the remote sites. 00:48:33.243 --> 00:48:35.203 What's the farthest? 00:48:36.246 --> 00:48:40.208 Signal you've been able to get, how far out? 00:48:40.250 --> 00:48:43.211 Uh, that's a good question. 00:48:44.254 --> 00:48:47.215 Yeah, it has to be cosmic, yeah. 00:48:47.257 --> 00:48:48.258 Even though that's everywhere. 00:48:48.258 --> 00:48:49.217 You know? 00:48:50.260 --> 00:48:53.221 Um, you know, but that's that's probably the 00:48:53.263 --> 00:48:54.222 farthest out. 00:48:54.264 --> 00:48:57.225 Um, when you think about it, um, 00:48:57.267 --> 00:49:00.228 you know, these, 00:49:00.270 --> 00:49:03.231 these signals do not travel at the speed of light, 00:49:03.273 --> 00:49:05.233 they're traveling near the speed of light. 00:49:05.275 --> 00:49:06.234 Very, very close. 00:49:07.277 --> 00:49:11.239 I mean, you can, that's why they always very careful with word things. 00:49:11.239 --> 00:49:14.201 You know, they're traveling near the speed of light. 00:49:14.242 --> 00:49:17.245 They do not match, even though they're 00:49:17.245 --> 00:49:20.207 electromagnetic, they do not match the speed of light. 00:49:20.248 --> 00:49:21.208 They're close to it. 00:49:21.249 --> 00:49:24.211 Which, I don't know, it's tiny, 00:49:25.253 --> 00:49:29.216 tiny difference, you know, I don't know what the actual numbers are, but it's very tiny. 00:49:29.257 --> 00:49:32.219 But to be able to, to receive 00:49:32.260 --> 00:49:35.222 those timing signals from, from that far away. 00:49:35.263 --> 00:49:38.225 Again, if you have a very powerful radio 00:49:38.266 --> 00:49:42.229 telescope, and you leave it focused on specific 00:49:42.270 --> 00:49:44.231 object out there. 00:49:44.272 --> 00:49:47.234 really wasn't too much limits, because we're 00:49:47.275 --> 00:49:51.238 using your visual telescopes that are seeing the 00:49:51.238 --> 00:49:52.197 Hubble. 00:49:52.239 --> 00:49:55.200 You know, that scene, you know, 1000000000s 00:49:55.242 --> 00:49:58.203 of light years, where every, every item in that picture, 00:49:58.245 --> 00:50:01.206 in the deep fields in this galaxy, it's not a start. 00:50:02.249 --> 00:50:04.209 Well, 00:50:04.209 --> 00:50:06.211 Yes, um, The most distant 00:50:06.253 --> 00:50:10.215 ones, are they red shifted down to our lower frequencies, like what it would be? 00:50:13.260 --> 00:50:15.220 See someone else's hand? 00:50:15.262 --> 00:50:16.221 It's the same. 00:50:17.264 --> 00:50:20.225 It's the same processing methodology 00:50:20.267 --> 00:50:22.227 used for all the audio samples from here. 00:50:22.269 --> 00:50:23.228 Otherwise, it's hard to compare them. 00:50:23.270 --> 00:50:26.231 Yeah, um, that I'm not 100% sure on. 00:50:27.274 --> 00:50:30.235 Um, It changes. 00:50:30.235 --> 00:50:32.237 I know according to technology as technology is changing. 00:50:32.279 --> 00:50:35.240 These, these, these acoustic sound that we heard on 00:50:36.241 --> 00:50:39.244 the solar system in that, those are, those are fairly 00:50:39.244 --> 00:50:40.203 old, you know. 00:50:41.246 --> 00:50:44.207 Keep in mind that when you, if you choose 00:50:44.249 --> 00:50:47.210 to build your own radio telescope, you're not going 00:50:47.252 --> 00:50:50.213 to hear those, that type, you'll hear more of 00:50:50.255 --> 00:50:53.216 the things, uh, like whistles, clicks and pops, 00:50:53.258 --> 00:50:56.261 kind of love what you heard on that slide with Saturn and 00:50:56.261 --> 00:50:57.220 a lightning storm there. 00:50:58.263 --> 00:51:01.224 Um, and again, you're working with a 00:51:01.266 --> 00:51:03.226 much tinier piece of equipment. 00:51:04.269 --> 00:51:05.228 You know, it's much more simplified. 00:51:05.270 --> 00:51:10.233 It's almost like a crystal radial compared to, you 00:51:10.275 --> 00:51:13.236 know, uh, uh, super duper ham radio 00:51:13.278 --> 00:51:16.239 receiver that can, you know, uh, 00:51:16.239 --> 00:51:18.200 perform better. 00:51:18.241 --> 00:51:21.203 So, it's just the idea that you can do this yourself. 00:51:21.244 --> 00:51:24.206 It's kind of fun to hear, things like that. 00:51:24.247 --> 00:51:28.210 And what you can hear, you can still hear, um, uh, 00:51:28.251 --> 00:51:30.212 signals from the solar system. 00:51:30.253 --> 00:51:34.216 pointed at the sun and pointed to the Jupiter internet. 00:51:34.257 --> 00:51:37.219 But, um, and there's, um, you can go online and also 00:51:37.260 --> 00:51:40.222 listen to some of those what some people have received from 00:51:40.263 --> 00:51:42.224 their own homemade radio telescope. 00:51:43.266 --> 00:51:46.228 And uh, uh, some of it, it's still fun to 00:51:46.269 --> 00:51:49.231 hear, you know, it's, it's the idea that, hey, I did this. 00:51:49.272 --> 00:51:52.234 It's like building your own optical telescope, you know, 00:51:52.275 --> 00:51:56.238 that's like, hey, I'm actually seeing, you know, astronaut 00:51:56.238 --> 00:51:57.197 footprints on the moon. 00:52:01.243 --> 00:52:04.204 There's no question online there, so you 00:52:04.246 --> 00:52:05.205 can just look at that one. 00:52:05.247 --> 00:52:07.207 Can you explain what the image showed? 00:52:07.249 --> 00:52:10.210 Oh, the microwave background radiation, 00:52:10.252 --> 00:52:12.212 can you explain what the image? 00:52:12.254 --> 00:52:16.216 So, um, the microwave background radiation. 00:52:16.258 --> 00:52:17.217 Okay. 00:52:17.259 --> 00:52:20.220 Well, that's the leftover, um, I'll 00:52:21.263 --> 00:52:22.222 explain that. 00:52:24.266 --> 00:52:27.227 Yeah, from, from, from the Big Bang. 00:52:28.270 --> 00:52:31.231 And it's residual amount happens 00:52:31.273 --> 00:52:34.234 to fall in the microwave region. 00:52:34.276 --> 00:52:37.237 And again, that's everywhere. 00:52:37.279 --> 00:52:40.240 Um, It's it's 00:52:40.240 --> 00:52:42.200 basically the radio signature. 00:52:42.242 --> 00:52:44.202 of the big bag. 00:52:44.244 --> 00:52:47.205 Um, as far as what 00:52:47.247 --> 00:52:50.208 you're actually seeing with those different colors, okay, 00:52:50.250 --> 00:52:54.212 those would be represented by different weight ones, tiny differences. 00:52:54.254 --> 00:52:57.215 Still microwave frequencies, but there are slight 00:52:58.258 --> 00:53:01.219 differences, you know, between a little bit higher, lower 00:53:01.261 --> 00:53:03.221 weightlengths in the microwave band. 00:53:03.263 --> 00:53:06.224 But again, that's that's the, that's the, 00:53:06.266 --> 00:53:10.228 um, the, um, this 00:53:10.270 --> 00:53:11.229 is what I'm trying to look for. 00:53:11.271 --> 00:53:13.231 The residual. 00:53:13.273 --> 00:53:17.235 The residuals of the of the big bank. 00:53:17.277 --> 00:53:19.237 There's a follow up question to that. 00:53:19.279 --> 00:53:22.240 It says, what is the red line in the middle of, 00:53:22.240 --> 00:53:25.202 whatever the word is, 00:53:26.244 --> 00:53:28.204 and why is it shaped like an oval? 00:53:29.247 --> 00:53:31.208 Uh, that's a good question. 00:53:31.249 --> 00:53:34.210 It seems like, I don't you 00:53:34.252 --> 00:53:37.213 ever see that that, um, um, the image of the 00:53:37.255 --> 00:53:40.217 Big Bang where it starts as a singularity, and then it 00:53:41.259 --> 00:53:44.262 expands and you show it shows they can get a sort of a funnel. 00:53:44.262 --> 00:53:45.222 Okay? 00:53:45.263 --> 00:53:48.224 And you're looking at that funnel, and you see the creation, 00:53:49.267 --> 00:53:52.228 the 1st, you know, 1st light, 1st galaxy, 1st 00:53:52.270 --> 00:53:54.231 stars, first galaxy, so on so forth. 00:53:54.272 --> 00:53:56.233 The microwave radiation is in there. 00:53:56.274 --> 00:54:00.237 I'm not quite sure, to be honest with you, why it's shaped like that. 00:54:00.278 --> 00:54:03.239 Um, It's a projection. 00:54:03.239 --> 00:54:06.201 It's a perception to take the whole sky and put 00:54:06.242 --> 00:54:07.202 it onto a piece of paper. 00:54:07.244 --> 00:54:08.203 Right. 00:54:08.244 --> 00:54:11.206 I guess it's like when you, you know, like a map. 00:54:11.248 --> 00:54:12.207 Right. 00:54:12.248 --> 00:54:15.210 And when you look at the earth, it can't ever be exact because 00:54:15.251 --> 00:54:17.212 you're taking a spherical thing. 00:54:17.253 --> 00:54:20.215 And if you did the same thing with the with our earth, it would 00:54:20.257 --> 00:54:23.218 be the same thing, how when you take it apart and spread it open, 00:54:23.260 --> 00:54:27.222 you don't get yourself a nice clean circle 00:54:28.264 --> 00:54:30.225 like that, it's moved around in that. 00:54:30.266 --> 00:54:32.227 So that's basically what they're doing. 00:54:32.268 --> 00:54:34.229 Milky Way which gets in the land. 00:54:34.271 --> 00:54:35.230 Right, right. 00:54:36.273 --> 00:54:39.234 Those signals that we listen to contain 00:54:39.275 --> 00:54:42.237 no intelligent information, 00:54:42.278 --> 00:54:46.241 but that 200000000000 watt signal we set out. 00:54:46.241 --> 00:54:48.201 How would that sound different? 00:54:48.243 --> 00:54:50.203 What would information sound like? 00:54:50.245 --> 00:54:51.204 Um... 00:54:51.246 --> 00:54:53.206 That's that's a good question. 00:54:53.248 --> 00:54:56.209 Um, It's, it's really, 00:54:56.251 --> 00:54:59.212 I mean, it's digital, so there really wasn't any, I guess 00:55:00.255 --> 00:55:02.215 it processed that on the, on the other end. 00:55:02.257 --> 00:55:05.218 Um, yeah, I don't know what it would, 00:55:05.260 --> 00:55:09.222 what it would, um, that there would be actual any acoustic signatures. 00:55:09.264 --> 00:55:10.223 Is that what you're asking for? 00:55:10.265 --> 00:55:11.224 Would compete. 00:55:11.266 --> 00:55:12.225 Could you actually hear something? 00:55:12.267 --> 00:55:15.228 If you converted it to an audible 00:55:15.270 --> 00:55:16.229 sound, Yeah. 00:55:16.271 --> 00:55:17.230 that I don't know. 00:55:17.272 --> 00:55:20.233 Um, that was all digitized and 00:55:20.275 --> 00:55:22.235 binary and yeah, so. 00:55:25.238 --> 00:55:26.197 Yeah. 00:55:26.239 --> 00:55:29.200 I know you meant showed the very large array 00:55:30.243 --> 00:55:33.204 earlier in your presentation and that's classified as 00:55:33.246 --> 00:55:34.205 an interferometer. 00:55:34.247 --> 00:55:37.208 Can you explain what exactly an inoperometer is? 00:55:37.250 --> 00:55:38.209 Okay. 00:55:38.251 --> 00:55:44.215 They're what they're doing is, um, They're, 00:55:44.257 --> 00:55:46.217 they're, they're taking those dishes, okay? 00:55:46.259 --> 00:55:49.220 Each one has its own specific 00:55:49.262 --> 00:55:51.222 frequency. 00:55:52.265 --> 00:55:53.224 Okay? 00:55:53.266 --> 00:55:55.226 They sync them together. 00:55:55.268 --> 00:55:58.229 And they're tuning in different 00:55:58.271 --> 00:56:02.233 Um, different wavelengths, 00:56:02.275 --> 00:56:03.234 so to speak, okay? 00:56:03.276 --> 00:56:07.238 And by doing that, they can split that apart. 00:56:07.238 --> 00:56:10.200 Um, kind of like what a prism would do to light. 00:56:11.242 --> 00:56:14.204 Okay, how you splits the spectrum and the 00:56:14.245 --> 00:56:16.206 light, white light and the colors in that. 00:56:17.248 --> 00:56:18.249 They're doing the same thing there. 00:56:18.249 --> 00:56:19.209 Okay? 00:56:19.250 --> 00:56:21.211 They can also take in tune. 00:56:21.252 --> 00:56:24.214 They can sync all of them together to work in unison. 00:56:25.256 --> 00:56:28.218 for one specific frequency. 00:56:28.259 --> 00:56:31.221 But the game, by doing 00:56:31.262 --> 00:56:34.224 that, is not really worth it, okay? 00:56:35.266 --> 00:56:38.228 Not when you have that much hardware working for you. 00:56:38.228 --> 00:56:40.230 So you take each of those, have 00:56:40.271 --> 00:56:41.231 them do their own little job. 00:56:42.273 --> 00:56:46.236 However, their point of same object. 00:56:46.277 --> 00:56:47.237 Okay? 00:56:47.278 --> 00:56:50.240 So it's getting a different, um, uh, 00:56:50.240 --> 00:56:51.199 what's the word here? 00:56:52.242 --> 00:56:56.204 Um, a different type of, um, results 00:56:56.246 --> 00:56:57.205 from it, okay? 00:56:57.247 --> 00:57:00.208 They're having instead of uh, uh, 00:57:01.251 --> 00:57:03.211 one specific frequency. 00:57:03.211 --> 00:57:06.214 It's, it's a completely, uh, 00:57:09.259 --> 00:57:11.219 Yeah, broad spectrum, you know. 00:57:14.264 --> 00:57:18.226 Do we have any other line, you know, nothing online? 00:57:18.268 --> 00:57:21.271 Yeah, before I fill this out, Optima or Omnium? 00:57:21.271 --> 00:57:22.230 What's that? 00:57:23.273 --> 00:57:24.232 Optima or Omnia? 00:57:24.274 --> 00:57:25.233 Oh 00:57:26.276 --> 00:57:27.277 Sorry, guys. 00:57:27.277 --> 00:57:28.236 Okay. 00:57:30.238 --> 00:57:31.239 Anything else? 00:57:31.239 --> 00:57:32.198 Oh. 00:57:32.240 --> 00:57:36.202 That one picture you showed, I can't remember. 00:57:36.244 --> 00:57:39.205 It had like a blue gaseous 00:57:39.247 --> 00:57:41.207 cloud looking thing. 00:57:41.249 --> 00:57:43.209 Oh, the yeah. 00:57:43.251 --> 00:57:44.210 Yeah, the vanity? 00:57:45.253 --> 00:57:48.214 Were they able to figure out what that, what 00:57:48.256 --> 00:57:50.216 was in that gaseous cloud or whatever it is? 00:57:51.259 --> 00:57:52.218 No, those to be honest. 00:57:52.260 --> 00:57:54.220 Yeah, and I didn't bother to look that down. 00:57:54.262 --> 00:57:55.221 But, yeah. 00:57:55.263 --> 00:57:57.223 But isn't it, but that's what they were. 00:57:57.265 --> 00:57:58.224 Yeah. 00:57:58.266 --> 00:58:01.227 Because in the earlier slides, it mentioned, 00:58:01.269 --> 00:58:04.230 they'll build like gases on the nebulas on that. 00:58:05.273 --> 00:58:06.232 So, yeah. 00:58:06.274 --> 00:58:09.235 Yeah, and here again, uh, it would be like, 00:58:09.277 --> 00:58:12.238 uh, spectrometer, you know, spectrometer is 00:58:12.238 --> 00:58:13.198 to light. 00:58:13.239 --> 00:58:16.201 And that's what this would do if they can discern 00:58:16.242 --> 00:58:17.202 between different gases. 00:58:18.244 --> 00:58:21.206 I think you had a question. 00:58:21.247 --> 00:58:24.209 Well, we have 110 acres. 00:58:24.250 --> 00:58:27.212 We have a big, huge cell phone tower, 00:58:27.253 --> 00:58:30.215 with a lot of satellites on it. 00:58:32.258 --> 00:58:35.220 I'm a warrior, and I'm a nurse. 00:58:35.261 --> 00:58:38.223 But I heard you 00:58:38.264 --> 00:58:39.224 can get cancer from that. 00:58:40.266 --> 00:58:41.226 The radiation. 00:58:41.267 --> 00:58:44.229 And my daughter lives right next 00:58:45.271 --> 00:58:48.233 door to it too, or like a half a mile away 00:58:48.274 --> 00:58:50.235 from it, or a quarter mile even. 00:58:51.277 --> 00:58:54.239 Does that radiation? 00:58:54.239 --> 00:58:56.199 Are we gonna get cancer? 00:58:56.241 --> 00:58:59.202 I... 00:58:59.244 --> 00:59:00.203 I don't think so. 00:59:00.245 --> 00:59:01.204 I would prefer. 00:59:01.246 --> 00:59:04.207 I would refer that to, um, um, Okay. 00:59:04.249 --> 00:59:06.209 I don't know where... 00:59:06.251 --> 00:59:07.210 I don't know. 00:59:08.253 --> 00:59:10.213 It's probably 5G too, at this point. 00:59:10.255 --> 00:59:13.216 It's not ionizing radiation. 00:59:13.258 --> 00:59:14.217 Yeah. 00:59:14.259 --> 00:59:16.219 It's electromagnetic radiation. 00:59:16.261 --> 00:59:21.224 It's the ionizing radiation which damages DNA. 00:59:22.267 --> 00:59:25.228 subatomic particles blasting through 00:59:25.270 --> 00:59:27.230 the molecule would break it apart. 00:59:27.272 --> 00:59:30.233 But typically, except 00:59:30.275 --> 00:59:33.236 for the microwaves in your microwave oven, the rest of 00:59:33.278 --> 00:59:38.241 the electromagnetic spectrum doesn't interact 00:59:38.241 --> 00:59:39.200 with your body in the same way. 00:59:39.242 --> 00:59:42.203 The story is about going to cancer because 00:59:43.246 --> 00:59:45.206 people simply don't understand. 00:59:45.206 --> 00:59:47.208 One kind of radiation is different from another. 00:59:48.251 --> 00:59:52.213 But that doesn't stop them from making up all kinds of, 00:59:52.255 --> 00:59:55.216 you know, there's the, there's the, um, the thoughts too 00:59:55.258 --> 00:59:58.219 where they, you know, with their cell phone and they've got it to your head. 00:59:58.261 --> 01:00:01.222 Remember the old ones too, that were like 2 watts or something like that. 01:00:01.264 --> 01:00:04.225 The very 1st mobile phones. 01:00:04.267 --> 01:00:06.227 There was worry about that. 01:00:06.269 --> 01:00:09.230 Um, I know in uh, 01:00:09.272 --> 01:00:13.234 in ham radio, in amateur radio, um, 01:00:13.234 --> 01:00:16.237 there's a thing called um, maximum permissible exposure, 01:00:16.279 --> 01:00:19.240 MPE, and um, every ham 01:00:19.240 --> 01:00:22.201 should really do their own study on 01:00:22.243 --> 01:00:25.204 that, um, you know, and map out their property and 01:00:26.247 --> 01:00:29.208 make sure that they're, um, you know, if you've got 01:00:29.250 --> 01:00:32.211 a kilowatt amplifier, you're running a 1000 watt 01:00:32.253 --> 01:00:33.212 transmitter, um, 01:00:33.254 --> 01:00:36.215 is only, you know, a minimal 01:00:36.257 --> 01:00:38.217 amount that's reentering the house. 01:00:39.260 --> 01:00:41.220 It's really high, like it's not. 01:00:41.262 --> 01:00:43.222 You mean height. 01:00:43.264 --> 01:00:45.224 Yes, it's really tall. 01:00:45.266 --> 01:00:48.227 Well, right, but that's, 01:00:48.269 --> 01:00:52.231 and we're, we're, small 01:00:52.273 --> 01:00:55.234 planes, fly over our house to 01:00:56.277 --> 01:00:57.236 go to the Jamestown Airport. 01:00:58.279 --> 01:01:00.239 They almost hit it a few times. 01:01:00.239 --> 01:01:01.199 It's so tall. 01:01:02.241 --> 01:01:03.201 I doubt it. 01:01:03.242 --> 01:01:06.245 I would think the FAA, it meets FAA criteria. 01:01:06.245 --> 01:01:09.207 That, that, all that stuff is well worked out. 01:01:10.249 --> 01:01:13.211 Yeah, a couple miles away from us, one crash. 01:01:13.252 --> 01:01:15.213 An airplane. 01:01:15.254 --> 01:01:17.215 Well, it wasn't because of the title? 01:01:17.256 --> 01:01:19.217 It wasn't a jet, but it was... 01:01:19.258 --> 01:01:22.220 because of the power, something else probably caused it. 01:01:22.261 --> 01:01:23.221 Okay. 01:01:23.262 --> 01:01:27.225 I wouldn't worry too much about those, 01:01:27.266 --> 01:01:29.227 no, about those radio waves. 01:01:29.268 --> 01:01:30.228 Okay, good. 01:01:31.270 --> 01:01:33.272 Yeah, because they're not high energy enough. 01:01:33.272 --> 01:01:34.232 Thank you. 01:01:36.275 --> 01:01:38.236 Anything else? 01:01:38.277 --> 01:01:41.239 So you talked about the multi-band receivers 01:01:41.239 --> 01:01:42.198 on some of these dishes. 01:01:42.240 --> 01:01:45.201 Does each frequency, each different frequency, 01:01:46.244 --> 01:01:47.203 have a different focal point? 01:01:47.245 --> 01:01:50.206 Is that, or do they, can they 01:01:50.248 --> 01:01:51.249 process that? 01:01:51.249 --> 01:01:52.208 They process that. 01:01:53.251 --> 01:01:53.710 Right. 01:01:53.710 --> 01:01:54.168 Yeah. 01:01:54.252 --> 01:01:57.213 Because it's just, it's one focal point on that on that pitch. 01:01:58.256 --> 01:01:59.215 Right. 01:01:59.257 --> 01:02:02.218 But it's coming down and it's, it's, it's, it's, 01:02:02.260 --> 01:02:05.221 processing the individual 01:02:05.263 --> 01:02:07.223 frequency or channel, I should say. 01:02:07.265 --> 01:02:10.226 Because I didn't know if as a wavelength 01:02:11.269 --> 01:02:14.230 changes, if there was enough, you know, to 01:02:14.272 --> 01:02:16.232 change the focal point of where that receiver should be. 01:02:16.274 --> 01:02:17.233 Yeah. 01:02:17.275 --> 01:02:19.235 Well, it's not really. 01:02:19.277 --> 01:02:22.238 When I when I worked, when I worked for the one, 01:02:22.238 --> 01:02:25.199 I did some work for a television station, which we had 01:02:25.241 --> 01:02:27.201 a... 01:02:27.243 --> 01:02:29.203 We had a studio transmitter link. 01:02:29.245 --> 01:02:30.204 Okay? 01:02:30.246 --> 01:02:32.206 And it worked on 2 channels. 01:02:32.206 --> 01:02:34.208 But it was one dish with 01:02:35.251 --> 01:02:38.212 one good feed horn, one focal point. 01:02:38.212 --> 01:02:41.215 But the wave guide was different on that. 01:02:41.257 --> 01:02:44.218 So that's what allowed us to tune 01:02:44.260 --> 01:02:46.220 to that specific channel. 01:02:48.264 --> 01:02:52.226 Yeah, the sounds on these planets continuous? 01:02:52.268 --> 01:02:54.228 I mean, that's a good question. 01:02:54.270 --> 01:02:56.230 I really don't know. 01:02:56.272 --> 01:02:58.232 I'm going to assume, um, 01:02:59.275 --> 01:03:02.236 And again, those are samples. 01:03:02.236 --> 01:03:04.238 I'm not saying those are etched in stone, that's 01:03:04.238 --> 01:03:05.198 what you hear all the time. 01:03:06.240 --> 01:03:09.243 That's what was heard at the time that it was recorded 01:03:09.243 --> 01:03:10.203 and processed. 01:03:11.245 --> 01:03:14.207 Could you, and, you know, 01:03:14.248 --> 01:03:16.209 I mean, everything changes in the solar system. 01:03:16.250 --> 01:03:18.211 It's an active solar system. 01:03:18.252 --> 01:03:20.213 So things change. 01:03:20.213 --> 01:03:22.215 So that sound, if you get it again, 01:03:23.257 --> 01:03:24.217 might not be that planet? 01:03:25.259 --> 01:03:28.221 No, well, it it, no, it would be 01:03:28.262 --> 01:03:33.226 the planet, but it might sound a little different depending on how things have changed. 01:03:33.267 --> 01:03:37.230 You got to remember something too, that the sun has an effect on all this too. 01:03:37.271 --> 01:03:40.233 I mean, we have, you know, solar storms 01:03:40.274 --> 01:03:43.236 and and prominences that are that 01:03:43.277 --> 01:03:46.239 are sending, you know, ionized gas out there, 01:03:46.239 --> 01:03:48.199 and that affects all this. 01:03:48.241 --> 01:03:51.244 You know, so it's an active solar system. 01:03:51.244 --> 01:03:53.204 So those sounds are not etched in stone. 01:03:54.247 --> 01:03:57.208 Um, You can, for example, 01:03:57.250 --> 01:04:00.211 if you built your own homemade radio telescope, 01:04:00.253 --> 01:04:03.214 and you're pointed towards Jupiter, 01:04:03.256 --> 01:04:06.217 and you hear a bunch of ticks and clicks, you know, one night, 01:04:07.260 --> 01:04:10.221 you might hear that, and there may be a little bit of a pattern 01:04:10.263 --> 01:04:13.224 to it, could go out, we play there, and 01:04:13.266 --> 01:04:14.225 it might sound different. 01:04:14.267 --> 01:04:17.228 You might still hear kicks and clicks, but it might be just, you know, 01:04:17.270 --> 01:04:20.231 You know, 01:04:21.274 --> 01:04:22.233 something totally. 01:04:22.275 --> 01:04:25.236 The rhythm is different to it. 01:04:25.278 --> 01:04:26.237 It just depends. 01:04:27.238 --> 01:04:31.200 I mean, they have storms on the, you know, Yeah. 01:04:31.242 --> 01:04:35.204 They've been able to track like with the sunspot cycles on the sun. 01:04:35.246 --> 01:04:38.207 Does the sound of that changed at all depending 01:04:39.250 --> 01:04:40.209 on the solar activity? 01:04:40.251 --> 01:04:41.210 Do you know? 01:04:41.252 --> 01:04:42.211 Oh, you mean the sun? 01:04:42.253 --> 01:04:43.212 Yeah, the sound of the sun. 01:04:43.254 --> 01:04:45.214 I found that very interesting, especially being the... 01:04:46.257 --> 01:04:48.217 Well, yeah, it would because it's electromatnetic. 01:04:48.259 --> 01:04:51.220 The electromagnetic based, and that, so, yeah. 01:04:52.263 --> 01:04:53.222 Yeah. 01:04:53.264 --> 01:04:56.225 In fact, that, actually, if you think about it, our earth would 01:04:56.267 --> 01:04:57.268 change because of the aurora. 01:04:57.268 --> 01:04:58.227 Yeah. 01:04:58.269 --> 01:05:02.231 So, and we've had plenty of, 01:05:02.273 --> 01:05:05.276 of, uh, you know, Aurora's lately that we 01:05:05.276 --> 01:05:08.237 should be getting a different acoustic signature from it. 01:05:08.279 --> 01:05:09.238 So, yeah. 01:05:11.240 --> 01:05:13.200 It's been one guess. 01:05:14.243 --> 01:05:17.204 Oh, I was just gonna ask, 01:05:17.246 --> 01:05:20.207 is it safe to say, every object, 01:05:20.249 --> 01:05:23.210 like every planets, or 01:05:23.252 --> 01:05:26.213 rocks, or whatever, emits, a radio 01:05:26.255 --> 01:05:28.215 signal, or frequency? 01:05:29.258 --> 01:05:33.220 Um, some sort of, to be honest with you, I would think so. 01:05:33.262 --> 01:05:34.221 I don't know. 01:05:34.221 --> 01:05:36.223 I mean, I, I'm not, you 01:05:37.266 --> 01:05:40.227 know, sitting at the controls of a big radio 01:05:40.269 --> 01:05:43.230 telescope to point it at these objects long enough, 01:05:43.272 --> 01:05:45.232 but obviously, I imagine they are. 01:05:45.274 --> 01:05:47.234 You know, there's there's something there. 01:05:47.276 --> 01:05:50.237 And it's not necessarily that it has 01:05:50.279 --> 01:05:53.240 to emit an acoustic signal, or I should 01:05:53.240 --> 01:05:56.202 say, a signal that's been processed 01:05:56.243 --> 01:05:59.205 to an acoustic note that you can 01:05:59.246 --> 01:06:02.208 hear, you know, um, some 01:06:02.249 --> 01:06:06.212 of it is strict, is going to be just what you see, it's going to be radial light. 01:06:06.253 --> 01:06:09.215 You know, and like I said, where it shows up the gas or 01:06:09.256 --> 01:06:13.219 shows the gas that you normally wouldn't see in the visual part of it. 01:06:13.260 --> 01:06:17.223 But, um, Pretty much everything has a, um, 01:06:18.265 --> 01:06:21.227 Um, We call it a 01:06:21.268 --> 01:06:22.228 vibration to it. 01:06:22.269 --> 01:06:26.232 You know, there's some type of resonance going 01:06:26.273 --> 01:06:29.235 on and that, so, and depending on what, I 01:06:29.276 --> 01:06:31.237 mean, for that one comet. 01:06:31.237 --> 01:06:33.239 You know, that's a small project compared 01:06:33.239 --> 01:06:34.198 to a planet. 01:06:35.241 --> 01:06:37.201 And animated something. 01:06:37.243 --> 01:06:40.204 So, uh, whether, 01:06:40.246 --> 01:06:43.207 whether the scientists that 01:06:43.249 --> 01:06:46.210 are, you know, the radio astronomers are pointing to 01:06:46.252 --> 01:06:49.213 all that stuff, I don't know, right now in the sky, we have, what, 01:06:50.256 --> 01:06:51.215 half a dozen different comets. 01:06:51.257 --> 01:06:54.218 um, zipping along there, and I 01:06:54.260 --> 01:06:58.222 don't know if anyone's pointing the radio telescope to them or not. 01:06:58.264 --> 01:07:01.225 You know, there might be bigger fish to fry. 01:07:01.267 --> 01:07:04.228 than a comet, you know? 01:07:04.270 --> 01:07:06.230 Yeah. 01:07:06.272 --> 01:07:07.231 I got a question. 01:07:07.273 --> 01:07:10.234 Would you foresee, with 01:07:10.276 --> 01:07:14.238 technology, that, If 01:07:15.239 --> 01:07:18.242 I want to go visit my neighbor, I 01:07:18.242 --> 01:07:20.202 walk over and I can visit my neighbor. 01:07:20.244 --> 01:07:23.205 I want to go farther into Erie, I jump in my car 01:07:23.247 --> 01:07:26.208 and I go to Erie to see friends. 01:07:26.250 --> 01:07:29.211 Would you foresee that? 01:07:29.253 --> 01:07:32.214 Someday, in 01:07:33.257 --> 01:07:35.217 our solar system, 01:07:35.217 --> 01:07:37.219 Oh, gee, I think I'll go to Neptune next week. 01:07:38.262 --> 01:07:41.223 Would you foresee something like that, possible? 01:07:41.265 --> 01:07:44.226 Um, I wouldn't go to Neptune because it's 01:07:44.268 --> 01:07:46.228 called gas, so there's really nothing to do there. 01:07:46.270 --> 01:07:49.231 Mars, but the gas giants 01:07:50.274 --> 01:07:53.235 are all Jupiter and, well, said, with exception of, you 01:07:53.277 --> 01:07:54.236 know, I guess, 4th planets. 01:07:54.278 --> 01:07:59.241 But, um, We're 01:07:59.241 --> 01:08:01.202 a long ways from that. 01:08:01.202 --> 01:08:02.203 A long ways from that. 01:08:03.245 --> 01:08:06.207 You're talking about being able to have the technical 01:08:06.248 --> 01:08:08.209 ability to travel there, is that what you? 01:08:08.250 --> 01:08:09.210 Probably. 01:08:09.251 --> 01:08:10.211 I think you might. 01:08:11.253 --> 01:08:13.214 Yeah, space car and go. 01:08:13.255 --> 01:08:14.215 Yeah. 01:08:14.215 --> 01:08:15.216 Off in your space car and go. 01:08:16.258 --> 01:08:17.218 George. 01:08:17.259 --> 01:08:19.220 Um... 01:08:19.261 --> 01:08:22.223 No, and and and even if you travel, even 01:08:22.264 --> 01:08:24.225 if you travel that near light speed, 01:08:24.266 --> 01:08:25.226 That wouldn't work. 01:08:26.268 --> 01:08:29.271 He's a tremendous amount of energy to 01:08:29.271 --> 01:08:32.233 get just a couple of atoms to 01:08:33.275 --> 01:08:36.237 travel, like the large hajong collider, 01:08:36.278 --> 01:08:37.238 bit mouse, and concern. 01:08:37.238 --> 01:08:40.199 There's a permanent amount of energy to move. 01:08:40.241 --> 01:08:43.202 you know, couple of atoms, 01:08:43.244 --> 01:08:46.205 uh, couple of centimeters, and they'll be able 01:08:46.247 --> 01:08:49.208 to move something as big as uh, your own 01:08:49.250 --> 01:08:51.210 personal space car spaceship. 01:08:52.253 --> 01:08:55.214 Um, that's not going to be possible. 01:08:55.214 --> 01:08:57.216 plus you also have to realize too, even though space is empty. 01:08:57.258 --> 01:09:00.219 Um, relatively empty. 01:09:00.261 --> 01:09:02.221 You're traveling. 01:09:02.263 --> 01:09:06.225 Let's say, I don't know, a 30 the speed of light. 01:09:06.267 --> 01:09:09.228 Let's really bring it back to a slower thing. 01:09:09.270 --> 01:09:12.231 All it takes is a small dust particle. 01:09:12.273 --> 01:09:14.233 So a terrier spaceship apart. 01:09:14.275 --> 01:09:17.236 And they're always moving the international 01:09:18.279 --> 01:09:21.240 space station out of the way of some little, 01:09:21.240 --> 01:09:24.201 you know, tiny little piece-sized rock 01:09:25.244 --> 01:09:28.205 or something that's coming that could take out a solar panel or two. 01:09:28.247 --> 01:09:31.208 So, uh, you 01:09:31.250 --> 01:09:34.211 would have to, um, you would have to have a spaceship that's, 01:09:34.253 --> 01:09:35.212 that could withstand, 01:09:35.254 --> 01:09:38.215 You know, I mean, look at that asteroid that, 01:09:38.257 --> 01:09:41.218 or the meteor, yesterday, that was 40,000 a mile an hour. 01:09:42.261 --> 01:09:45.222 And, um, And 01:09:45.264 --> 01:09:46.223 that's actually nothing. 01:09:47.266 --> 01:09:50.227 So to get to the planets, you 01:09:50.269 --> 01:09:53.230 know, you'd have to be moving pretty fast, and you 01:09:53.272 --> 01:09:56.233 just don't know where a tiny, 01:09:56.275 --> 01:09:59.236 Split P sized object is that 01:09:59.278 --> 01:10:00.237 could take you out. 01:10:00.279 --> 01:10:03.240 Uh, they, you know, that's why when, uh, like 01:10:03.240 --> 01:10:04.199 the, um, uh, what are you called? 01:10:05.242 --> 01:10:08.203 Um, James 01:10:08.245 --> 01:10:10.206 Witt, Space Call Scope. 01:10:10.247 --> 01:10:13.208 Is always movement. 01:10:13.250 --> 01:10:17.212 It was created, you know, it was designed specifically that 01:10:17.254 --> 01:10:20.216 the receiver in that or the focal 01:10:20.257 --> 01:10:21.216 point is deep inside. 01:10:21.258 --> 01:10:24.220 It's got a shield around it, to keep it, 01:10:24.261 --> 01:10:27.222 to minimize anything. 01:10:27.264 --> 01:10:30.225 I mean, it has to be a direct line laser site coming in. 01:10:30.267 --> 01:10:33.229 If it's anything coming off this way or whatever, it's 01:10:33.270 --> 01:10:36.231 going to bounce off that protective cone and 01:10:36.273 --> 01:10:40.235 protect the rest of the, you know, the sensitive electronics in there. 01:10:42.279 --> 01:10:45.240 Well, my wife is from Argentina. 01:10:45.240 --> 01:10:46.200 Okay. 01:10:46.242 --> 01:10:48.202 And she has friends down there. 01:10:48.243 --> 01:10:50.204 And she calls them. 01:10:51.247 --> 01:10:55.209 We're talking, we're communicating just 01:10:55.251 --> 01:10:56.252 like we're talking to a neighbor. 01:10:56.252 --> 01:10:57.211 Sure, it's real time. 01:10:58.253 --> 01:11:01.215 And so I, I'm 01:11:01.256 --> 01:11:04.218 wondering why, will it ever occur that 01:11:04.260 --> 01:11:07.221 as quickly as she can speak 01:11:07.262 --> 01:11:10.224 to her friends in Buenos Irish, 01:11:10.265 --> 01:11:13.227 Would we be 01:11:13.269 --> 01:11:16.230 able to transmit ourselves? 01:11:17.273 --> 01:11:20.234 Just like a telephone phone call. 01:11:20.275 --> 01:11:21.235 Yeah. 01:11:21.277 --> 01:11:25.239 So in other words, like on Star Trek's transporter room? 01:11:25.239 --> 01:11:26.198 Beam me up. 01:11:26.240 --> 01:11:28.200 Well, you got to remember something, too. 01:11:28.242 --> 01:11:31.203 You know, that your signal is transmitting whether 01:11:32.246 --> 01:11:34.206 it's satellite or wires, whatever. 01:11:34.248 --> 01:11:38.210 you know, near, you know, near light speed. 01:11:38.252 --> 01:11:41.213 But, you know, at that speed, 01:11:41.255 --> 01:11:44.216 you know, on radio wave, my radio signal 01:11:44.258 --> 01:11:47.219 can travel, what is that, like 7 or 8 times around 01:11:47.261 --> 01:11:49.221 the earth, because they're comfortable here. 01:11:49.263 --> 01:11:51.223 It's pretty fast, you know. 01:11:51.265 --> 01:11:54.226 Um, But to transmit yourself, 01:11:55.269 --> 01:11:58.230 or I don't know, you'd have to, you'd have to convert yourself 01:11:58.272 --> 01:12:01.233 down to, uh, I don't know, you know, an 01:12:01.275 --> 01:12:04.236 atomic level or something and move at that kind of speed. 01:12:05.279 --> 01:12:08.240 Unless we learn how to work space, then 01:12:08.240 --> 01:12:11.201 you could probably get the Neptune and a couple of minutes 01:12:11.243 --> 01:12:12.202 or less. 01:12:12.244 --> 01:12:13.203 Yeah. 01:12:13.245 --> 01:12:15.205 Yes, that takes even more energy. 01:12:15.247 --> 01:12:17.207 We're not quite there yet. 01:12:17.249 --> 01:12:21.211 I think this is going to be many, many generations from now. 01:12:21.253 --> 01:12:24.214 I mean, we're not even close to Mars yet, you know. 01:12:24.256 --> 01:12:28.218 We still got to get Artemis off the launch pad. 01:12:31.263 --> 01:12:33.223 Do we have any other questions? 01:12:33.265 --> 01:12:34.224 Is there something online? 01:12:36.268 --> 01:12:39.229 Someone just wrote verbal drones, pick up rocks 01:12:39.271 --> 01:12:43.233 easily, going back to the conversation about, does the rock pick us out? 01:12:45.277 --> 01:12:47.237 Oh, okay. 01:12:47.279 --> 01:12:49.239 So if they want to know, I don't know. 01:12:49.239 --> 01:12:53.202 No, they're just making a statement because you were talking about where the rocks here, you know. 01:12:53.243 --> 01:12:54.203 It was good. 01:12:54.244 --> 01:12:56.205 A couple of 100 kids. 01:12:56.246 --> 01:12:58.207 Okay, thanks, brother. 01:12:58.248 --> 01:12:59.208 Thank you, man. 01:12:59.249 --> 01:13:00.209 Thank you. 01:13:04.254 --> 01:13:07.216 Mario, I'd like to uh, thank you, 01:13:07.257 --> 01:13:10.219 uh, officially from the Marshall Observatory. 01:13:10.260 --> 01:13:13.222 Oh, we do, to show our appreciation 01:13:13.263 --> 01:13:16.225 for our speakers, is that we were making contributions 01:13:16.266 --> 01:13:19.228 to the Marian Marshall March scholarship 01:13:20.270 --> 01:13:23.232 fund in your name to help support 01:13:23.273 --> 01:13:28.237 2nd year college students financially 01:13:28.278 --> 01:13:31.240 who made a sincere commitment to the 01:13:31.240 --> 01:13:33.200 study of astronomy or related subjects. 01:13:34.243 --> 01:13:36.203 So thank you for that very much.